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11. 11. 2015.

NEWS RELEASE (ENGLISH/ROMANIAN) - Romania “in denial about extent of poverty, UN human



Romanian version, see below

Romania “in denial about extent of poverty, UN human rights expert says
  
BUCHAREST (11 November 2015) – Many Romanian officials are in a state of denial about the extent of poverty and discrimination against the extremely poor, especially the Roma, according to Philip Alston, United Nations Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights.

Alston, who today completed a 10-day visit to Romania, acknowledged that this was “a tragic and difficult time for Romania, in the aftermath of the Colectiv nightclub fire on 30 October,” but he noted that it might also prove to be a time for solidarity and renewal.

“The spotlight has now been shone dramatically on denial, corruption, inadequate government services, and a lack of official accountability,” Alston said. The UN expert said that he had “encountered the same pathologies” in Romania’s response to poverty, “in which far too many of its citizens continue to live.”

Concluding his official visit* to Romania, Alston said: “In terms of corruption, major progress has been made in prominent cases, but forms of soft-core corruption persist in relation to access to, or exclusion from, many social services.”

“Government services, especially, but not only for the poorest, are generally the worst in Europe, based on indicator after indicator”, Alston added.  
“I was often told that poverty is a choice.  It is indeed, but the choice is too often made by government policies rather than by those living in poverty.  And finally, there is a continuing ethos in too many parts of government that resists transparency, consultation and accountability,” he said.

Alston concluded that many Roma face structural discrimination and are significantly worse off than the rest of the population in almost every aspect of life.
“Prejudicial stereotypes abound, even among senior government officials,” he said.  

While the European Union the World Bank and other external actors have pushed for more integrated approaches, successive Romanian governments have lacked the real political will to take the necessary measures”, Alston added.  “The Government has essentially outsourced the problem to international donors,” he said.

The Special Rapporteur was especially critical of inadequate social policies to tackle extreme poverty.  “Even the International Monetary Fund told me that Romania has enough fiscal space to increase spending on poverty eradication. But the resources have instead been used to finance even better conditions for the relatively well off,” Alston said.

He noted that Romania is at the bottom of the list when it comes to public spending on education and health as a percentage of GDP. This in turn makes it difficult for the most vulnerable groups to access education and health care and also causes inequalities between different regions.

“Very low salaries for workers in these sectors also make recruitment difficult, undermine the quality of the services, and create incentives for corruption. Not only does the Government refuse to increase spending, it has the most regressive tax system in Europe,” said Alston. “It has made the deliberate political choice not to make its tax system more progressive, missing yet another chance to help the poorer groups in society”, the independent expert concluded.

Alston’s full findings and recommendations will be presented in a report to the Human Rights Council in June 2016.


ENDS

Professor Philip Alston (Australia) took office as UN Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights in June 2014, following his appointment by the Human Rights Council. He is John Norton Pomeroy Professor of Law at New York University School of Law. Mr. Alston has previously served the UN in several capacities including as Special Rapporteur on Extrajudicial, Summary or Arbitrary Executions, Special Adviser to the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights on the Millennium Development Goals, as well as chairperson of the UN Committee on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights. Learn more, log on to: http://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/Poverty/Pages/SRExtremePovertyIndex.aspx

The Special Rapporteurs are part of what is known as the Special Procedures of the Human Rights Council. Special Procedures, the largest body of independent experts in the UN Human Rights system, is the general name of the Council’s independent fact-finding and monitoring mechanisms that address either specific country situations or thematic issues in all parts of the world. Special Procedures’ experts work on a voluntary basis; they are not UN staff and do not receive a salary for their work. They are independent from any government or organization and serve in their individual capacity.

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România este într-un stadiu de negare cu privire la nivelul ridicat al sărăciei, afirmă expertul ONU pe probleme de drepturile omului
  
BUCUREȘTI (11 noiembrie 2015) – Mulți oficiali români sunt într-un stadiu de negare cu privire la nivelul ridicat al sărăciei și al discriminării îndreptate împotriva persoanelor ce trăiesc în sărăcie extremă, în special împotriva cetățenilor de etnie romă, afirmă Philip Alston, Raportor Special al Națiunilor Unite pe probleme de sărăcie extremă și drepturile omului.
 
Raportorul Special, care se află la sfârșitul unei vizite de zece zile în România, a afirmat că înțelege că „este o perioadă tragică și dificilă pentru România, urmare a incendiului din clubul Colectiv din data de 30 octombrie”, dar a apreciat că această perioadă se poate dovedi a fi, în egală măsură, una de solidaritate și reînnoire.
 
„Negarea, corupția, serviciile publice inadecvate, și o anumită lipsă de răspundere din partea oficialităților au fost ajuns acum în centrul atenției, de o manieră dramatică”, a remarcat expertul ONU. Acesta a afirmat, de asemenea, că a întâlnit „patologii similare” în ceea ce privește abordarea României față de problema sărăciei, „cu care mult prea mulți cetățeni ai săi se confruntă în continuare”.

La finalul vizitei sale oficiale* în România, Prof. Alston a afirmat că „în ceea ce privește corupția, s-au făcut progrese semnificative cu privire la cazurile mai mari, dar există  în continuare un anumit grad de mică corupție, legată de accesul la, sau excluderea de la o serie de servicii sociale”.

“Serviciile publice, în special acelea ce vizează populația mai săracă, dar nu numai, sunt în general, la cel mai scăzut nivel din Europa, raportat la o serie de indicatori”, a afirmat Raportorul Special.  

“Mi s-a spus adesea că sărăcia este o alegere. Așa este, dar alegerea este făcută adesea la nivel de politici guvernamentale, mai degrabă decât de persoanele afectate de sărăcie. De asemenea, trebuie spus și că o prea mare parte a administrației opune rezistență ideii de transparență, de consultare și de responsabilitate ”, a mai adăugat expertul ONU.
Dl Alston a afirmat, de asemenea, că mulți cetățeni de etnie romă se confruntă cu discriminare structurală, și au un nivel de trai semnificativ mai scăzut decât restul populației, în mai toate privințele.
 
„Stereotipurile generatoare de prejudecăți sunt foarte frecvente, chiar și la nivelul unor înalți oficiali guvernamentali”, a afirmat expertul ONU, adăugând că „deși Uniunea Europeană, Banca Mondială și alți actori externi au insistat asupra unor abordări mai integrate, guvernele din România nu au avut voință politică autentică, necesară pentru a lua măsurile necesare”. Prof. Alston a mai afirmat că „practic, guvernul a externalizat problema către donatorii internaționali”.

Raportorul Special a fost deosebit de critic cu privire la politicile sociale inadecvate ce vizează diminuarea sărăciei extreme. „Chiar și din partea Fondului Monetar Internațional mi s-a comunicat că există suficient spațiu fiscal pentru a crește cheltuielile ce vizează eradicarea sărăciei. Însă resursele au fost folosite pentru a crește condițiile pentru cei ce aveau deja un nivel de trai relativ mai bun”, a adăugat expertul ONU.
Dl Alston a mai remarcat că, din punct de vedere al procentului din PIB alocat pentru învățământ și sănătate, România se află la coada clasamentului.

Această situație, la rândul său, îngreunează accesul categoriilor celor mai defavorizate la aceste servicii, și duce la inegalități între regiuni.

„Salariile foarte mici din aceste sectoare îngreunează angajarea de personal, subminează calitatea serviciilor și favorizează corupția. Guvernul refuză să crească cheltuielile în acest domeniu și, în plus, are cel mai regresiv sistem de impozitare din România”, a adăugat Prof. Alston.

„Guvernul a luat, în mod deliberat, decizia politică de a nu trece la un sistem de impozitare mai progresiv, ratând astfel încă o ocazie de a ajuta categoriile mai sărace ale populației”, a încheiat expertul independent.

Concluziile și recomandările complete ale Raportorului Special vor fi prezentate în cadrul unui raport către Consiliul pentru Drepturile Omului, în iunie 2016.

(*) De verificat declarația completă data publicității de Raportul Special la finalul misiunii:  http://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=16737&LangID=E  
*******
  
Philip Alston (Australia) a preluat funcția de Raportor Special al ONU pe probleme de sărăcie extremă și drepturile omului în iunie 2014, în urma numirii sale de către Consiliul pentru Drepturile Omului. Este profesor de drept John Norton Pomeroy la New York University School of Law; anterior, a ocupat diferite funcții în cadrul Organizației Națiunilor Unite, ca de exemplu Raportor Special privind execuțiile extrajudiciare, sumare sau arbitrare, Consilier Special pe probleme de obiective de dezvoltare ale mileniului pe lângă Înaltul Comisar ONU pentru Drepturile Omului, precum și Președinte al Comitetului ONU pentru Drepturi Economice, Sociale și Culturale. Puteți afla mai multe despre activitatea Raportorului Special accesând următorul link: http://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/Poverty/Pages/SRExtremePovertyIndex.aspx

Raportorii Speciali fac parte din Procedurile Speciale ale Consiliului pentru Drepturile Omului. Procedurile Speciale, cel mai mare organism de experți independenți din sistemul ONU de protecție a drepturilor omului, este denumirea generală dată mecanismelor independente de constatare și monitorizare ale Consiliului care abordează fie situații specifice ale țărilor, fie aspecte tematice la nivel internațional. Activitatea experților din cadrul Procedurilor Speciale are caracter voluntar; aceștia nu fac parte din personalul ONU și nu sunt remunerați pentru munca prestată. Sunt independenți de orice guvern și organizație și își exercită atribuțiile cu titlu personal.

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NEWS RELEASE - UN experts call on Iran to stop intimidating journalists ahead of parliamentary elections



UN experts call on Iran to stop intimidating journalists ahead of parliamentary elections

GENEVA (11 November 2015) – The authorities in Iran should stop arresting, prosecuting and harassing journalists and online activists, and provide a safe space for freedom of expression as the country prepares for parliamentary elections  early next year, UN human rights experts said today.

“Increasing intimidation of journalists is hindering their ability to operate freely in the country,” said Ahmed Shaheed, UN Special Rapporteur on Iran. He noted that in recent days, Iranian intelligence and security officials have arrested a number of journalists in what appeared to be a new crackdown on freedom of expression and the media.

The arrest on 2 November of five journalists, including Afarine Chitsaz, Ehssan Mazandarani, Saman Safarzai, and Issa Saharkhiz, by plainclothes members of the Revolutionary Guard’s intelligence units was particularly worrying, Mr. Shaheed said.

The journalists were reportedly detained on suspicion of taking part in an infiltration network, seeking to influence public opinion and undermine the Islamic Republic on behalf of western governments, according to Iranian state television and media reports. More than a dozen other journalists and social media activists have also reportedly been summoned for interrogation by the authorities.

Iran has one of the highest numbers of journalists and social activists in detention in the world. According to figures from April 2015, at least 45 were being held for their peaceful activities.

“The government of Iran should not silence critical or dissenting voices under the guise of vague and unsubstantiated national security concerns,” Mr. Shaheed said.  As a State party to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Iran has international obligations to allow and protect the right to a free press and access to information, he stressed.
 
“Freedom of expression is central to guarantee open, free and fair political processes. Ultimately, democratic processes are unsustainable if media workers and activists have no safety to perform their vital role,” said David Kaye, the Special Rapporteur on the right to freedom of opinion and expression.
 
The timing of an increase in detention and harassment of journalists was particularly worrying, Mr Kaye said, as the country prepares for parliamentary elections in February 2016.

“Public participation in any electoral process is virtually impossible if the media and civil society are so frequently affected by arrests and prosecution. Unfortunately this is not a new concern; similar concerns were expressed by UN experts regarding the arrest of journalists just before the Iranian elections of 2013” said Mr. Kaye.  
The Iranian authorities should reverse this trend and must quickly ensure “a greater space for free exchange of ideas in the run-up to elections,” he added.
 
The human rights experts urged the Government of Iran to release all journalists including Jason Rezaian, who have been arbitrarily and unlawfully arrested for their peaceful exercise of fundamental rights.  

ENDS
       
The Special Rapporteurs are part of what is known as the Special Procedures of the Human Rights Council. Special Procedures, the largest body of independent experts in the UN Human Rights system, is the general name of the Council’s independent fact-finding and monitoring mechanisms that address either specific country situations or thematic issues in all parts of the world. Special Procedures’ experts work on a voluntary basis; they are not UN staff and do not receive a salary for their work. They are independent from any government or organization and serve in their individual capacity. Learn more, log on to:

UN Human Rights, Country Page – Iran: http://www.ohchr.org/EN/Countries/AsiaRegion/Pages/IRIndex.aspx  

For more information and media requests, please contact Mr. Naveed Ahmed (+41 22 928 9477 / nahmed@ohchr.org)

For media inquiries related to other UN independent experts:
Xabier Celaya, UN Human Rights – Media Unit (+ 41 22 917 9383 / xcelaya@ohchr.org)
   
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NEWS RELEASE - Egypt: UN experts welcome release of Hossam Bahgat but concerns remain on the situation of journalists and rights defenders



Egypt: UN experts welcome release of Hossam Bahgat but concerns remain on the situation of journalists and rights defenders

GENEVA (11 November 2015) – The UN Special Rapporteur on freedom of expression, David Kaye, and the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders, Michel Forst, while welcoming the release of Hossam Bahgat, today reiterate grave concern at the situation of fear and intimidation of journalists and human rights defenders which inhibit the legitimate exercise of their rights and the performance of their work in Egypt.

“Hossam Bahgat has been a leading member of the human rights community in Egypt for well over a decade, shining a spotlight on abuses through his fact-finding and investigative journalism,” said David Kaye. According to reliable information, Mr. Bahgat was detained by military authorities on 8 November, during investigation solely based on his writing and work as journalist, and was then released today.

"Even after his release, his detention sends a signal of disrespect for the very principles of freedom of expression that President Sisi only days ago claimed his government upheld," added the UN expert.

"We are deeply concerned that the fear of criminalization and of being detained, even if not ultimately charged, creates an environment that deters reporting and intimidates writers and activists of all kinds," said Michel Forst.

“This adds to the already very difficult environment in which journalists and human rights defenders operate in Egypt. According to credible reporting, we understand that dozens of reporters are being held by Egyptian authorities today," the UN experts stressed.

This statement is endorsed by the Chair-Rapporteur of the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention, Seong-Phil Hong; the Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association, Maina Kiai; the Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, Juan Méndez; and the Special Rapporteur on the independence of judges and lawyers, Mónica Pinto.

ENDS

Michel Forst (France) was appointed by the Human Rights Council as the UN Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders in 2014.
David Kaye (USA) was appointed as Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression in August 2014 by the United Nations Human Rights Council. Learn more, log on to: http://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/FreedomOpinion/Pages/OpinionIndex.aspx

The UN Special Rapporteurs are part of what is known as the Special Procedures of the Human Rights Council. Special Procedures, the largest body of independent experts in the UN Human Rights, is the general name of the independent fact-finding and monitoring mechanisms of the Human Rights Council that address either specific country situations or thematic issues in all parts of the world. Special Procedures’ experts work on a voluntary basis; they are not UN staff and do not receive a salary for their work. They are independent from any government or organization and serve in their individual capacity.


For further information and media requests, Victoria Kuhn, UN Human Rights in Geneva (+41 22 917 9278 / vkuhn@ohchr.org)

For media inquiries related to other UN independent experts:
Xabier Celaya, UN Human Rights – Media Unit (+ 41 22 917 9383 / xcelaya@ohchr.org)  

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17. 10. 2015.

NEWS RELEASE (ENGLISH/FRANCAIS/DUTCH) - Belgium: UN expert group calls for robust i



French and Dutch versions, see below

Belgium: UN expert group calls for robust integrated action to address risks posed by foreign fighters

BRUSSELS / GENEVA (16 October 2015) – Belgium needs to develop an inclusive national vision and action on the issue of foreign fighters at federal, regional and community, and local levels, the United Nations Working Group on the use of mercenaries* has said today. “The threat to the country is otherwise significant,” they warned.

“The number of Belgian foreign fighters is reportedly the highest in Europe per capita among those travelling to join conflicts abroad such as in Syria and Iraq,” said human rights expert  Elżbieta Karska, who currently heads the expert group. “The need to tackle this problem through robust collective efforts which engages all sectors of Belgian society is critical in finding solutions to this phenomenon.”

Ms. Karska and fellow expert Patricia Arias were in Belgium from 12 to 16 October 2015 to gather information on the activities of foreign fighters going from the country to conflict zones abroad, as part of a comprehensive study on foreign fighters and their impact on human rights, including on possible links to mercenarism.

During their visit, the experts received information that there are some 207 Belgianin Syria, 77 casualties, 128 returnees, and 62 persons who failed to get to Iraq or have been brought back. Of these, 46 foreign fighters have been prosecuted, all associated with the group Sharia4Belgium.

Recruitment is reportedly through extensive informal networks of friends and family, and through social media, with friends and family in Syria paid on the basis of the number of persons they recruit and whether the recruits subsequently marry. This follows previous waves in 2010, related to Sharia4Belgium, and in 2012, through peer recruitment.

“The profiles of foreign fighters are varied, with an average age around 23 years and decreasing,” Ms. Karska noted. “Women are also increasingly leaving.”

“Motivational factors are diverse, and, to some degree, individualized,” she said. Among the motivations identified are religious convictions, humanitarian reasons, the need for a sense of belonging and acceptance, the search for a livelihood, escaping a criminal background, and adventure. “Clear profiles of foreign fighters are thus not possible to identify,” the expert stressed.

The Working Group’s delegation welcomed a number of initiatives that have been undertaken at the federal, regional and community, and local levels, to deal with issues relating to the foreign fighter phenomenon.

“These initiatives are timely and imperative in ensuring that this problem is at the forefront of its national priorities and that the discourse resonates throughout Belgian society,” Ms. Karska said. “This same, very elaborate, system must also serve to bring together all the actors in a more collaborative, effective way for a sustained solution.”  
 
The Working Group recommended strengthening the national vision and strategic plan, to be fully integrated, with the broadest possible participation, and informed by multi-disciplinary in-depth research and analysis. Roles must be clear and programmes fully resourced, with a focus on preventive over punitive measures. The experts also urged the government to adopt a human rights based approach, with particular attention paid to the inclusion of especially affected communities.

During the visit, the delegation met with stakeholders from the government, academics and representatives of civil society organizations including families of persons who have travelled to join conflicts abroad.

The expert group will present their first report on the issue of foreign fighters to the UN General Assembly on 2 November, which will include facts gathered during country visits, and the information shared by UN Member States and other actors.
The Working Group will present a comprehensive report on its visit to Belgium to the Human Rights Council in 2016.

(*) Check the Working Group’s full end-of-mission statement:  http://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=16609&LangID=E

ENDS

The UN Working Group on the use of mercenaries was established in July 2005 by the then Commission on Human Rights. The expert Group is mandated by the UN Human Rights Council to study and identify emerging issues, manifestations and trends regarding mercenaries or mercenary-related activities and their impact on human rights, particularly on the right of peoples to self-determination.

The Working Group is comprised of five independent expert members from various regions of the world. The Chair-Rapporteur is  Elżbieta Karska (Poland).  Other members are Patricia Arias (Chile), Anton Katz (South Africa), Gabor Rona (United States of America) and Saeed Mokbil (Yemen). Learn more, log on to: http://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/Mercenaries/WGMercenaries/Pages/WGMercenariesIndex.asp

The Working Groups are part of what is known as the Special Procedures of the Human Rights Council. Special Procedures, the largest body of independent experts in the UN Human Rights system, is the general name of the Council’s independent fact-finding and monitoring mechanisms that address either specific country situations or thematic issues in all parts of the world. Special Procedures’ experts work on a voluntary basis; they are not UN staff and do not receive a salary for their work. They are independent from any government or organization and serve in their individual capacity.

UN Human Rights, Country Page – Belgium: http://www.ohchr.org/EN/Countries/ENACARegion/Pages/BEIndex.aspx

For more information and media requests, please contact:
During the mission: Christophe Verhellen, UNRIC, Brussels (+32 2 788 8454/ verhellen@unric.org)  
Before and after the mission: Ms. Alisa Clarke (+41 79 201 0119 / aclarke@ohchr.org) and Ms. Jolene Tautakitaki (+41 79 444 3993/ jtautakitaki@ohchr.org) or write to mercenaries@ohchr.org

For media inquiries related to other UN independent experts:
Xabier Celaya, UN Human Rights – Media Unit (+ 41 22 917 9383 / xcelaya@ohchr.org)  

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COMMUNIQUE DE PRESSE

Belgique : Groupe d’experts de l’ONU appelle à un plan d’action ferme et intégré pour faire face aux risques posés par les combattants étrangers

BRUXELLES/GENÈVE (16 octobre 2015) –« Il va falloir que la Belgique développe une vision nationale et un plan d’action inclusifs sur la question des combattants étrangers aux niveaux fédéral, régional, communautaire et local », disait aujourd’hui le groupe de travail des Nations unies sur le recours aux mercenaires. « Sinon, la menace qui pèse sur le pays est significative. »

« Le nombre de combattants belges à l’étranger par habitant, qui voyagent pour rejoindre les zones de conflit à l’étranger, comme la Syrie et l’Irak, semble être le plus élevé d’Europe », nous explique  Elżbieta Karska, l’experte des droits de l’homme qui dirige actuellement le groupe d’experts. « Il est absolument essentiel de s’attaquer à ce problème par le biais d’efforts collectifs vigoureux impliquant tous les secteurs de la société belge si l’on veut trouver des solutions à ce phénomène. »

Madame Karska et sa collègue, Patricia Arias, étaient en Belgique du 12 au 16 octobre afin de récolter des informations sur les activités des combattants étrangers dans le pays, dans le cadre d’une étude compréhensive des combattants étrangers et leur impact sur les droits de l’homme, y compris des liens potentiels avec le mercenariat.
 
Pendant ce séjour, les expertes ont reçu des informations selon lesquelles il y a quelque 207 Belges en Syrie, 77 personnes décédées, 128 rapatriés, et 62 personnes qui ne sont pas parvenues à rejoindre l’Irak ou ont été ramenées au pays. Parmi eux, 46 combattants étrangers ont fait l’objet de poursuites. Ils étaient tous en relation avec le groupe Sharia4Belgium.

Selon certains rapports, le recrutement s’effectue par le biais de vastes réseaux informels d’amis et de membres de la famille, ainsi que par les médias sociaux. Les amis et les membres de la famille qui se trouvent en Syrie sont payés en fonction du nombre de personnes recrutées et si leurs recrues se marient ensuite. Cette situation fait suite aux vagues précédentes de 2010, associées à Sharia4Belgium, et de 2012, via le recrutement de pairs.

« Les profils des combattants étrangers sont variés, avec un âge moyen se situant aux alentours de 23 ans, une moyenne qui est en baisse », affirmait Mme Karska. « Les femmes sont également de plus en plus nombreuses à partir. »

«  Les facteurs de motivation sont de nature diverse et ont, dans une certaine mesure, un caractère individuel. » Parmi les facteurs de motivation identifiés : convictions religieuses, raisons humanitaires, besoin de connaître un sentiment d’appartenance et d’acceptation, recherche de moyens de subsistance, besoin d’échapper à un passé criminel et recherche d’aventure. « Il est donc impossible d’identifier des profils de combattants étrangers clairs », elle a souligné.

Le groupe de travail se félicite d’un certain nombre d’initiatives entreprises aux niveaux fédéral, régional, communautaire et local, pour traiter les problèmes liés au phénomène des combattants étrangers.

« Ces initiatives sont opportunes et impératives pour veiller à ce que ce problème figure au premier rang des priorités nationales et que le discours fasse écho dans toute la société belge », affirmait Mme Karska.  « Ce système, très élaboré, doit également servir à réunir tous les acteurs pour une collaboration plus complète et efficace, qui devrait déboucher sur une solution durable. »
 
Le groupe de travail recommande que la vision nationale et le plan stratégique soient renforcés afin d’être entièrement intégrés, avec la participation la plus large possible, sur la base des informations issues de recherches et d’analyses multi-disciplinaires approfondies. Les rôles doivent être clairs et les programmes doivent disposer de ressources suffisantes. En outre, il convient de privilégier les mesures préventives plutôt que punitives.

Les expertes exhortent le gouvernement à adopter une approche basée sur les droits de l’homme, et à accorder une attention particulière à l’inclusion des communautés spécialement touchées.

Lors de sa visite, la délégation a rencontré des parties prenantes, notamment des fonctionnaires du gouvernement, des universitaires et des représentants d’organisations de la société civile, y compris des familles de personnes ayant voyagé pour rejoindre les zones de conflit à l’étranger.

Le groupe d’experts présentera son premier rapport sur le sujet des combattants étrangers à l’Assemblée générale des Nations unies le 2 novembre. Ce rapport incluera les faits récoltés pendant les visites dans les différents pays et les informations partagées entre les États membres de l’ONU et d’autres acteurs.

Le groupe de travail présentera un rapport exhaustif de sa visite en Belgique au Conseil des droits de l’homme en 2016.

(*) Découvrez le communiqué complet de fin de mission des experts :   http://www.ohchr.org/FR/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=16609&LangID=F

FIN

Le Groupe de travail sur l’utilisation des mercenaires comme moyen de violer les droits de l’homme et d’empêcher l’exercice du droit des peuples à disposer d’eux-mêmes a été créé en juillet 2005 par la résolution 2005/2 de la Commission des droits de l’homme.  Son mandat a été prorogé par le Conseil de droits de l’homme en 2008.

Le Groupe de travail est composé de cinq membres experts indépendants de différentes régions du monde. La présidente-rapporteuse est  Elżbieta Karska (Pologne). Les autres membres sont Patricia Arias (Chili), Anton Katz (Afrique du Sud), Gabor Rona (Etats-Unis d’Amérique) et Saeed Mokbil (Yémen). Pour en savoir plus, connectez-vous à: http://www.ohchr.org/FR/Issues/Mercenaries/WGMercenaries/Pages/WGMercenariesIndex.aspx

Les groupes de travail font partie des procédures spéciales du Conseil des droits de l’homme. Les procédures spéciales, le plus grand organisme d’experts indépendants dans le système des Nations Unies relatif aux droits de l’homme, est le nom général de missions d’enquête et de surveillance des mécanismes indépendants du Conseil qui traitent soit situations spécifiques des pays ou des questions thématiques dans toutes les régions du monde. Les experts des procédures spéciales travaillent sur une base volontaire; ils ne font pas partie du personnel des Nations Unies et ne reçoivent pas de salaire pour leur travail. Ils sont indépendants de tout gouvernement ou organisation et siègent à titre individuel.

Droits de l’Homme de l’ONU, pays Page – Belgique: http://www.ohchr.org/FR/Countries/ENACARegion/Pages/BEIndex.aspx

Pour plus de demandes d’information et des médias, veuillez contacter:
Lors de la mission: Christophe Verhellen, UNRIC, Bruxelles (+32 2 788 8454/ verhellen@unric.org)

Avant et après la mission: Mme Alisa Clarke (41 79 444 399 / aclarke@ohchr.org) et Mme Jolene Tautakitaki (+41 79 444 399 / jtautakitaki@ohchr.org) ou écrire à mercenaries@ohchr.org

Pour vos sites d’informations et les médias sociaux : 
Merci de nous mentionner en référençant les comptes officiels du Haut-Commissariat sur les médias sociaux, tels qu’indiqués ci-dessous. Vous y trouverez des messages clefs, ainsi que des contenus multimédias originaux (photos, vidéos, infographies).
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PERSBERICHT

België: VN deskundigengroep roept op tot robuuste, geïntegreerde actie tegen risico buitenlandse strijders

BRUSSEL / GENÈVE (16 oktober 2015) – België dient een inclusieve nationale visie en actie rond buitenlandse strijders te ontwikkelen op federaal, gewestelijk, communautair en lokaal niveau, aldus de werkgroep van de Verenigde Naties inzake het gebruik van huurlingen*. “Zoniet, is de dreiging voor het land significant”, waarschuwden ze.

“Onder de buitenlandse strijders die naar landen als Syrië en Irak reizen om deel te nemen aan de conflicten daar, is het aantal Belgen per hoofd van de bevolking naar verluidt het hoogste van Europa,” zegt mensenrechtendeskundige  Elżbieta Karska, die momenteel voorzitter van de deskundigengroep is. “De noodzaak om dit probleem aan te pakken door middel van robuuste collectieve inspanningen waarbij alle sectoren van de Belgische samenleving worden betrokken, is van cruciaal belang voor het vinden van oplossingen voor dit verschijnsel.”

Mevr.Karska en haar mededeskundige Patricia Arias waren van 12 tot 16 oktober in België om informatie te verzamelen over de activiteiten van buitenlandse strijders die vanuit België naar conflictgebieden vertrekken. Het bezoek kadert in een alomvattend onderzoek rond buitenlandse strijders en hun impact op mensenrechten, met inbegrip van mogelijke verbanden met huurlingschap.

Tijdens hun bezoek ontvingen de deskundigen informatie dat er circa 207 Belgen in Syrië zijn, dat 77 zijn omgekomen, dat 128 zijn teruggekeerd en dat 62 personen er niet in zijn geslaagd om Irak te bereiken of zijn teruggebracht. Van deze Belgen werden 46 buitenlandse strijders vervolgd, allen personen die in verband worden gebracht met Sharia4Belgium.

De wervingsactiviteiten zouden worden uitgevoerd via uitgebreide netwerken van vrienden en familie en via sociale media, waarbij vrienden en familie in Syrië worden betaald op basis van het aantal personen dat ze werven en het aantal rekruten dat vervolgens trouwt. Dit volgt op eerdere golven in 2010, waarbij Sharia4Belgium was betrokken, en in 2012, door rekrutering onder gelijkgestemden.

"We zijn erop gewezen dat de profielen van buitenlandse strijders zeer divers zijn, maar dat de gemiddelde leeftijd rond de 23 ligt en daalt”, aldus mevr. Karska.“Ook vertrekken er steeds meer vrouwen.”

“Hun motieven lopen sterk uiteen en zijn tot op zekere hoge individueel bepaald.”
 Enkele van de vastgestelde drijfveren zijn religieuze overtuiging, humanitaire overwegingen, de behoefte om ergens bij te horen en te worden geaccepteerd, het opbouwen van een bestaan, ontsnapping aan een crimineel verleden en avontuur. “Het is derhalve niet mogelijk om duidelijke profielen van buitenlandse strijders vast te stellen,” benadrukte ze.

De delegatie van de Werkgroep juichte een aantal initiatieven toe dat op federaal, gewestelijk, communautair en lokaal niveau is genomen om problemen rond het verschijnsel buitenlandse strijders aan te pakken.

“Deze initiatieven zijn passend en noodzakelijk om ervoor te zorgen dat het probleem als een nationale prioriteit wordt herkend en dat het discours zijn weerklank vindt in de gehele Belgische samenleving," zei mevr. Karska.“Ditzelfde doorwrochte systeem moet er ook voor zorgen dat alle actoren nauwer en doeltreffender samenwerken bij het zoeken naar een blijvende oplossing.”
 
De werkgroep beveelt aan om de nationale visie en het strategisch plan aan te scherpen tot een volledig geïntegreerd plan met een zo breed mogelijke deelname, op basis van grondige, multidisciplinaire onderzoeken en analyses. De taken moeten duidelijk zijn verdeeld en de programma’s moeten volledig zijn toegerust, waarbij preventie voorrang zou moeten hebben boven strafmaatregelen. De deskundigen drongen er bij de regering ook op aan om te kiezen voor een aanpak op basis van de mensenrechten waarin speciale aandacht wordt besteed aan de integratie van gemeenschappen die geconfronteerd worden met dit verschijnsel.

Tijdens het bezoek heeft de delegatie ontmoetingen gehad met belanghebbenden van de overheid, academici en vertegenwoordigers van het maatschappelijk middenveld, waaronder families van personen die naar buitenlandse conflicten zijn afgereisd.

De deskundigengroep zal haar eerste verslag over buitenlandse strijders op 2 november presenteren aan de Algemene Vergadering van de VN. Het verslag zal feiten bevatten die tijdens landenbezoeken zijn verzameld, evenals door VN-lidstaten en andere actoren verstrekte informatie.

In 2016 zal de werkgroep een uitgebreid verslag over haar bezoek aan België presenteren aan de Mensenrechtenraad van de VN.

(*) Lees de volledige eindverklaring van de deskundigenmissie:  http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/Mercenaries/WG/EndMissionStatement16Oct2015_NL.doc

EINDE BERICHT.

De VN werkgroep over de inzet van huurlingen als middel om de rechten van de mens te schenden en de uitoefening van het zelfbeschikkingsrecht te belemmeren is opgericht in 2005 door de toenmalige VN Commissie voor de rechten van de mens. Het mandaat van de werkgroep is hernieuwd door de VN mensenrechtenraad in 2008.

De werkgroep bestaat uit vijf onafhankelijke deskundigen afkomstig uit verschillende regio’s. De huidige voorzitter is  Elżbieta Karska (Polen). De andere leden zijn Patricia Arias (Chili), Anton Katz (Zuid-Afrika), Gabor Rona (Verenigde Staten van Amerika) en Saeed Mokbil (Jemen). Voor meer informatie, ga naar:

De werkgroep is onderdeel van wat bekend staat als de speciale procedures van de mensenrechtenraad. De speciale procedures, de grootste groep van onafhankelijke deskundigen binnen de VN mensenrechten afdeling, is de algemeen gebruikte naam voor het mechanisme van de mensenrechtenraad dat monitort en onafhankelijk feitenonderzoek uitvoert, en dat specifieke landensituaties of thema’s in alle delen van de wereld onder de loep neemt. De deskundigen werken op vrijwillige basis; ze worden niet beschouwd als VN personeel en ontvangen geen vergoeding voor hun werk. Ze zijn onafhankelijk van elke regering en organisatie, en voeren hun mandaat uit op persoonlijke titel.

VN mensenrechten landen website – België: http://www.ohchr.org/EN/Countries/ENACARegion/Pages/BEIndex.aspx

Voor meer informatie en media verzoeken, gelieve contact op te nemen met:

Tijdens het werkbezoek: Dhr. Christophe Verhellen, UNRIC, Brussel (+32 2 788 8454/ verhellen@unric.org)

Voor en na het werkbezoek: Mevr. Alisa Clarke (+41 79 201 0119 / aclarke@ohchr.org) en Mevr. Jolene Tautakitaki (+41 79 444 3993 / jtautakitaki@ohchr.org) of schrijf naar mercenaries@ohchr.org

Voor media inlichtingen betreffende andere VN mensenrechten deskundigen:
Xabier Celaya, VN mensenrechten – Media Unit (+ 41 22 917 9383 / xcelaya@ohchr.org)  

Voor uw nieuws websites en social media: 
De hoofdpunten van onze persberichten zijn beschikbaar op de VN mensenrechten social media websites, zoals hieronder vermeld. Wij stellen het op prijs als u ons zou willen taggen in uw berichten.
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NEWS RELEASE - “Extremely volatile situation across the Occupied Palestinian Terr



“Extremely volatile situation across the Occupied Palestinian Territory” – UN expert expresses grave concern
  
GENEVA (16 October 2015) – The United Nations Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, Makarim Wibisono, expressed grave concern and deep sadness at this month’s intensification of violence across the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, and in Gaza.

“Too many Palestinian and Israeli lives have been lost in the context of violent attacks and clashes,” Mr. Wibisono said, noting also the hundreds of injured. “In the face of growing violence, I urge Israel to exercise restraint and to recognise that all, including Palestinians, have equal right to respect for their human rights and their dignity.”

The number of reported Palestinian deaths, including children, is steadily rising. There are concerns of excessive use of force against Palestinians by Israeli security forces in the context of clashes, and cases of suspected Palestinian assailants shot and killed rather than arrested following attacks on Israelis, have been reported.

 “In order to calm the situation and avoid further casualties, it is critical that authorities deal with protests and any crime, in accordance with international law,” the human rights expert underscored.

“In particular, Israeli security forces must abide by international standards on use of force. Everyone’s life deserves to be protected and nobody’s security is enhanced by failing to respect Palestinians’ right to life and security of the person,” he said, adding that, “excessive measures which violate Palestinian human rights will only aggravate the situation.”

Extensive Israeli search operations and arrests of Palestinians have been reported. In East Jerusalem, measures include authorisation to ‘lock-down’ areas, punitive home demolitions and a ban on reconstructing those homes.

“Regardless of the situation, Israeli authorities must not use any measure amounting to collective punishment or which otherwise contravenes international law. The violence was ignited in the context of ongoing violations of human rights of Palestinians living under occupation and such measures only stoke further violence,” warned the Special Rapporteur.

Against the backdrop of settlements in the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, the blockade of Gaza, and a general lack of accountability, Mr. Wibisono noted that tensions rose further following Israeli imposed restrictions on Palestinian access to the Al-Aqsa compound in East Jerusalem.  

“I appeal to Israel to recognise the destabilising effect of the current human rights situation in the Occupied Palestinian Territory,” he said. “I remain ready to work with the Government of Israel to move forward towards improving the situation.”

On his own role as Special Rapporteur he further commented: “The situation is extremely volatile across the Occupied Palestinian Territory. As a former diplomat, I say this is not the time to politicise my mandate, but to recognise that respect for human rights and international humanitarian law, is the first crucial step out of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.”

“I have again written to Israel and formally requested access by the end of 2015,” noted the independent expert whose previous requests for Israeli cooperation and access to the Occupied Palestinian Territory have gone without formal response. The Government of the State of Palestine fully cooperates with the mandate.

The Special Rapporteur will present his next report to the 70th session of the United Nations General Assembly on 29th October 2015.

ENDS

In 2014, the UN Human Rights Council designated Makarim Wibisono (Indonesia) as the sixth Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Palestinian territories occupied since 1967. The mandate was originally established in 1993 by the UN Commission on Human Rights. Learn more, log on to: http://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/SP/CountriesMandates/PS/Pages/SRPalestine.aspx

Check the Special Rapporteur’s last report to the UN Human Rights Council: http://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/HRC/RegularSessions/Session25/Pages/ListReports.aspx

The Special Rapporteurs are part of what is known as the Special Procedures of the Human Rights Council. Special Procedures, the largest body of independent experts in the UN Human Rights system, is the general name of the Council’s independent fact-finding and monitoring mechanisms that address either specific country situations or thematic issues in all parts of the world. Special Procedures’ experts work on a voluntary basis; they are not UN staff and do not receive a salary for their work. They are independent from any government or organization and serve in their individual capacity.

OHCHR Country Page – Occupied Palestinian Territories: http://www.ohchr.org/EN/countries/MENARegion/Pages/PSIndex.aspx


For more information and media requests, please contact Camilla Wee (+41 22 928 9190 / cwee@ohchr.org) or write to sropt@ohchr.org
 
For media inquiries related to other UN independent experts:
Xabier Celaya, UN Human Rights – Media Unit (+ 41 22 917 9383 / xcelaya@ohchr.org)  

For your news websites and social media: 
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NEWS RELEASE - Iran: UN rights experts outraged at the execution of two juvenile offenders



Iran: UN rights experts outraged at the execution of two juvenile offenders

GENEVA (16 October 2015) – United Nations human rights experts today expressed their outrage and profound sadness at the execution of Fatemeh Salbehi, a juvenile offender convicted for the death of her husband, whom she had been forced to marry at the age of 16.

Ms. Salbehi was hanged on Tuesday 13 October in breach of international law banning juvenile executions, and despite reported flaws in her trial and appeal process. She is the 11th woman to be executed so far this year in Iran, where at least 700 other people have been executed.

A week earlier, another juvenile offender was executed in secret in Iran: Samad Zahabi. No notice was provided to Mr. Zahabi’s family, nor was the required 48 hour notice provided to his lawyer. He was sentenced to death in March 2013 for the killing of a fellow shepherd, when he was only seventeen years old.

“These executions are disturbing examples of surging execution rates and questionable fair trial standards in the Islamic Republic of Iran,” said the UN Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Iran, Ahmed Shaheed. “The Iranian authorities must comply with its international law obligations and put an end to the execution of juvenile offenders once and for all.”

The UN Special Rapporteur on summary executions, Cristof Heyns, stated “Let us be clear – these are unlawful killings committed by the State, the equivalent of murders performed by individuals. These are profound tragedies that demean the value of human life and sully the reputation of the country.” He added that “executing a juvenile offender, especially after a questionable trial, directly contravenes the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the Convention on the Rights of the Child, to which Iran is a party. Iran must immediately stop killing children”.  

“The lack of judicial consideration for Ms. Salbehi’s circumstances is emblematic of the struggles victims of domestic abuse face in the judicial system,” said the UN Special Rapporteur on violence against women, Dubravka Šimonoviæ. “We cannot ignore the serious consequences of psychological, sexual and physical violence in the home on a woman’s physical and psychological health.”

While highlighting Ms. Salbehi’s young age at the times of her marriages and her lack of consent, Ms. Šimonoviæ expressed concern for the high numbers of early and forced marriages in Iran.  

The UN human rights experts strongly urged the Iranian Government to immediately establish a moratorium on executions with a view to abolishing the death penalty.

ENDS

The Special Rapporteurs are part of what is known as the Special Procedures of the Human Rights Council. Special Procedures, the largest body of independent experts in the UN Human Rights system, is the general name of the Council’s independent fact-finding and monitoring mechanisms that address either specific country situations or thematic issues in all parts of the world. Special Procedures’ experts work on a voluntary basis; they are not UN staff and do not receive a salary for their work. They are independent from any government or organization and serve in their individual capacity. Learn more, log on to:


UN Human Rights, Country Page – Iran: http://www.ohchr.org/EN/Countries/AsiaRegion/Pages/IRIndex.aspx  

For more information and media requests, please contact Mr. Naveed Ahmed (+41 22 928 9477 / nahmed@ohchr.org)

For media inquiries related to other UN independent experts:
Xabier Celaya, UN Human Rights – Media Unit (+ 41 22 917 9383 / xcelaya@ohchr.org)  

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