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11. 11. 2015.

NEWS RELEASE (ENGLISH/ROMANIAN) - Romania “in denial about extent of poverty, UN human



Romanian version, see below

Romania “in denial about extent of poverty, UN human rights expert says
  
BUCHAREST (11 November 2015) – Many Romanian officials are in a state of denial about the extent of poverty and discrimination against the extremely poor, especially the Roma, according to Philip Alston, United Nations Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights.

Alston, who today completed a 10-day visit to Romania, acknowledged that this was “a tragic and difficult time for Romania, in the aftermath of the Colectiv nightclub fire on 30 October,” but he noted that it might also prove to be a time for solidarity and renewal.

“The spotlight has now been shone dramatically on denial, corruption, inadequate government services, and a lack of official accountability,” Alston said. The UN expert said that he had “encountered the same pathologies” in Romania’s response to poverty, “in which far too many of its citizens continue to live.”

Concluding his official visit* to Romania, Alston said: “In terms of corruption, major progress has been made in prominent cases, but forms of soft-core corruption persist in relation to access to, or exclusion from, many social services.”

“Government services, especially, but not only for the poorest, are generally the worst in Europe, based on indicator after indicator”, Alston added.  
“I was often told that poverty is a choice.  It is indeed, but the choice is too often made by government policies rather than by those living in poverty.  And finally, there is a continuing ethos in too many parts of government that resists transparency, consultation and accountability,” he said.

Alston concluded that many Roma face structural discrimination and are significantly worse off than the rest of the population in almost every aspect of life.
“Prejudicial stereotypes abound, even among senior government officials,” he said.  

While the European Union the World Bank and other external actors have pushed for more integrated approaches, successive Romanian governments have lacked the real political will to take the necessary measures”, Alston added.  “The Government has essentially outsourced the problem to international donors,” he said.

The Special Rapporteur was especially critical of inadequate social policies to tackle extreme poverty.  “Even the International Monetary Fund told me that Romania has enough fiscal space to increase spending on poverty eradication. But the resources have instead been used to finance even better conditions for the relatively well off,” Alston said.

He noted that Romania is at the bottom of the list when it comes to public spending on education and health as a percentage of GDP. This in turn makes it difficult for the most vulnerable groups to access education and health care and also causes inequalities between different regions.

“Very low salaries for workers in these sectors also make recruitment difficult, undermine the quality of the services, and create incentives for corruption. Not only does the Government refuse to increase spending, it has the most regressive tax system in Europe,” said Alston. “It has made the deliberate political choice not to make its tax system more progressive, missing yet another chance to help the poorer groups in society”, the independent expert concluded.

Alston’s full findings and recommendations will be presented in a report to the Human Rights Council in June 2016.


ENDS

Professor Philip Alston (Australia) took office as UN Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights in June 2014, following his appointment by the Human Rights Council. He is John Norton Pomeroy Professor of Law at New York University School of Law. Mr. Alston has previously served the UN in several capacities including as Special Rapporteur on Extrajudicial, Summary or Arbitrary Executions, Special Adviser to the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights on the Millennium Development Goals, as well as chairperson of the UN Committee on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights. Learn more, log on to: http://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/Poverty/Pages/SRExtremePovertyIndex.aspx

The Special Rapporteurs are part of what is known as the Special Procedures of the Human Rights Council. Special Procedures, the largest body of independent experts in the UN Human Rights system, is the general name of the Council’s independent fact-finding and monitoring mechanisms that address either specific country situations or thematic issues in all parts of the world. Special Procedures’ experts work on a voluntary basis; they are not UN staff and do not receive a salary for their work. They are independent from any government or organization and serve in their individual capacity.

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România este într-un stadiu de negare cu privire la nivelul ridicat al sărăciei, afirmă expertul ONU pe probleme de drepturile omului
  
BUCUREȘTI (11 noiembrie 2015) – Mulți oficiali români sunt într-un stadiu de negare cu privire la nivelul ridicat al sărăciei și al discriminării îndreptate împotriva persoanelor ce trăiesc în sărăcie extremă, în special împotriva cetățenilor de etnie romă, afirmă Philip Alston, Raportor Special al Națiunilor Unite pe probleme de sărăcie extremă și drepturile omului.
 
Raportorul Special, care se află la sfârșitul unei vizite de zece zile în România, a afirmat că înțelege că „este o perioadă tragică și dificilă pentru România, urmare a incendiului din clubul Colectiv din data de 30 octombrie”, dar a apreciat că această perioadă se poate dovedi a fi, în egală măsură, una de solidaritate și reînnoire.
 
„Negarea, corupția, serviciile publice inadecvate, și o anumită lipsă de răspundere din partea oficialităților au fost ajuns acum în centrul atenției, de o manieră dramatică”, a remarcat expertul ONU. Acesta a afirmat, de asemenea, că a întâlnit „patologii similare” în ceea ce privește abordarea României față de problema sărăciei, „cu care mult prea mulți cetățeni ai săi se confruntă în continuare”.

La finalul vizitei sale oficiale* în România, Prof. Alston a afirmat că „în ceea ce privește corupția, s-au făcut progrese semnificative cu privire la cazurile mai mari, dar există  în continuare un anumit grad de mică corupție, legată de accesul la, sau excluderea de la o serie de servicii sociale”.

“Serviciile publice, în special acelea ce vizează populația mai săracă, dar nu numai, sunt în general, la cel mai scăzut nivel din Europa, raportat la o serie de indicatori”, a afirmat Raportorul Special.  

“Mi s-a spus adesea că sărăcia este o alegere. Așa este, dar alegerea este făcută adesea la nivel de politici guvernamentale, mai degrabă decât de persoanele afectate de sărăcie. De asemenea, trebuie spus și că o prea mare parte a administrației opune rezistență ideii de transparență, de consultare și de responsabilitate ”, a mai adăugat expertul ONU.
Dl Alston a afirmat, de asemenea, că mulți cetățeni de etnie romă se confruntă cu discriminare structurală, și au un nivel de trai semnificativ mai scăzut decât restul populației, în mai toate privințele.
 
„Stereotipurile generatoare de prejudecăți sunt foarte frecvente, chiar și la nivelul unor înalți oficiali guvernamentali”, a afirmat expertul ONU, adăugând că „deși Uniunea Europeană, Banca Mondială și alți actori externi au insistat asupra unor abordări mai integrate, guvernele din România nu au avut voință politică autentică, necesară pentru a lua măsurile necesare”. Prof. Alston a mai afirmat că „practic, guvernul a externalizat problema către donatorii internaționali”.

Raportorul Special a fost deosebit de critic cu privire la politicile sociale inadecvate ce vizează diminuarea sărăciei extreme. „Chiar și din partea Fondului Monetar Internațional mi s-a comunicat că există suficient spațiu fiscal pentru a crește cheltuielile ce vizează eradicarea sărăciei. Însă resursele au fost folosite pentru a crește condițiile pentru cei ce aveau deja un nivel de trai relativ mai bun”, a adăugat expertul ONU.
Dl Alston a mai remarcat că, din punct de vedere al procentului din PIB alocat pentru învățământ și sănătate, România se află la coada clasamentului.

Această situație, la rândul său, îngreunează accesul categoriilor celor mai defavorizate la aceste servicii, și duce la inegalități între regiuni.

„Salariile foarte mici din aceste sectoare îngreunează angajarea de personal, subminează calitatea serviciilor și favorizează corupția. Guvernul refuză să crească cheltuielile în acest domeniu și, în plus, are cel mai regresiv sistem de impozitare din România”, a adăugat Prof. Alston.

„Guvernul a luat, în mod deliberat, decizia politică de a nu trece la un sistem de impozitare mai progresiv, ratând astfel încă o ocazie de a ajuta categoriile mai sărace ale populației”, a încheiat expertul independent.

Concluziile și recomandările complete ale Raportorului Special vor fi prezentate în cadrul unui raport către Consiliul pentru Drepturile Omului, în iunie 2016.

(*) De verificat declarația completă data publicității de Raportul Special la finalul misiunii:  http://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=16737&LangID=E  
*******
  
Philip Alston (Australia) a preluat funcția de Raportor Special al ONU pe probleme de sărăcie extremă și drepturile omului în iunie 2014, în urma numirii sale de către Consiliul pentru Drepturile Omului. Este profesor de drept John Norton Pomeroy la New York University School of Law; anterior, a ocupat diferite funcții în cadrul Organizației Națiunilor Unite, ca de exemplu Raportor Special privind execuțiile extrajudiciare, sumare sau arbitrare, Consilier Special pe probleme de obiective de dezvoltare ale mileniului pe lângă Înaltul Comisar ONU pentru Drepturile Omului, precum și Președinte al Comitetului ONU pentru Drepturi Economice, Sociale și Culturale. Puteți afla mai multe despre activitatea Raportorului Special accesând următorul link: http://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/Poverty/Pages/SRExtremePovertyIndex.aspx

Raportorii Speciali fac parte din Procedurile Speciale ale Consiliului pentru Drepturile Omului. Procedurile Speciale, cel mai mare organism de experți independenți din sistemul ONU de protecție a drepturilor omului, este denumirea generală dată mecanismelor independente de constatare și monitorizare ale Consiliului care abordează fie situații specifice ale țărilor, fie aspecte tematice la nivel internațional. Activitatea experților din cadrul Procedurilor Speciale are caracter voluntar; aceștia nu fac parte din personalul ONU și nu sunt remunerați pentru munca prestată. Sunt independenți de orice guvern și organizație și își exercită atribuțiile cu titlu personal.

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NEWS RELEASE - UN experts call on Iran to stop intimidating journalists ahead of parliamentary elections



UN experts call on Iran to stop intimidating journalists ahead of parliamentary elections

GENEVA (11 November 2015) – The authorities in Iran should stop arresting, prosecuting and harassing journalists and online activists, and provide a safe space for freedom of expression as the country prepares for parliamentary elections  early next year, UN human rights experts said today.

“Increasing intimidation of journalists is hindering their ability to operate freely in the country,” said Ahmed Shaheed, UN Special Rapporteur on Iran. He noted that in recent days, Iranian intelligence and security officials have arrested a number of journalists in what appeared to be a new crackdown on freedom of expression and the media.

The arrest on 2 November of five journalists, including Afarine Chitsaz, Ehssan Mazandarani, Saman Safarzai, and Issa Saharkhiz, by plainclothes members of the Revolutionary Guard’s intelligence units was particularly worrying, Mr. Shaheed said.

The journalists were reportedly detained on suspicion of taking part in an infiltration network, seeking to influence public opinion and undermine the Islamic Republic on behalf of western governments, according to Iranian state television and media reports. More than a dozen other journalists and social media activists have also reportedly been summoned for interrogation by the authorities.

Iran has one of the highest numbers of journalists and social activists in detention in the world. According to figures from April 2015, at least 45 were being held for their peaceful activities.

“The government of Iran should not silence critical or dissenting voices under the guise of vague and unsubstantiated national security concerns,” Mr. Shaheed said.  As a State party to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Iran has international obligations to allow and protect the right to a free press and access to information, he stressed.
 
“Freedom of expression is central to guarantee open, free and fair political processes. Ultimately, democratic processes are unsustainable if media workers and activists have no safety to perform their vital role,” said David Kaye, the Special Rapporteur on the right to freedom of opinion and expression.
 
The timing of an increase in detention and harassment of journalists was particularly worrying, Mr Kaye said, as the country prepares for parliamentary elections in February 2016.

“Public participation in any electoral process is virtually impossible if the media and civil society are so frequently affected by arrests and prosecution. Unfortunately this is not a new concern; similar concerns were expressed by UN experts regarding the arrest of journalists just before the Iranian elections of 2013” said Mr. Kaye.  
The Iranian authorities should reverse this trend and must quickly ensure “a greater space for free exchange of ideas in the run-up to elections,” he added.
 
The human rights experts urged the Government of Iran to release all journalists including Jason Rezaian, who have been arbitrarily and unlawfully arrested for their peaceful exercise of fundamental rights.  

ENDS
       
The Special Rapporteurs are part of what is known as the Special Procedures of the Human Rights Council. Special Procedures, the largest body of independent experts in the UN Human Rights system, is the general name of the Council’s independent fact-finding and monitoring mechanisms that address either specific country situations or thematic issues in all parts of the world. Special Procedures’ experts work on a voluntary basis; they are not UN staff and do not receive a salary for their work. They are independent from any government or organization and serve in their individual capacity. Learn more, log on to:

UN Human Rights, Country Page – Iran: http://www.ohchr.org/EN/Countries/AsiaRegion/Pages/IRIndex.aspx  

For more information and media requests, please contact Mr. Naveed Ahmed (+41 22 928 9477 / nahmed@ohchr.org)

For media inquiries related to other UN independent experts:
Xabier Celaya, UN Human Rights – Media Unit (+ 41 22 917 9383 / xcelaya@ohchr.org)
   
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NEWS RELEASE - Egypt: UN experts welcome release of Hossam Bahgat but concerns remain on the situation of journalists and rights defenders



Egypt: UN experts welcome release of Hossam Bahgat but concerns remain on the situation of journalists and rights defenders

GENEVA (11 November 2015) – The UN Special Rapporteur on freedom of expression, David Kaye, and the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders, Michel Forst, while welcoming the release of Hossam Bahgat, today reiterate grave concern at the situation of fear and intimidation of journalists and human rights defenders which inhibit the legitimate exercise of their rights and the performance of their work in Egypt.

“Hossam Bahgat has been a leading member of the human rights community in Egypt for well over a decade, shining a spotlight on abuses through his fact-finding and investigative journalism,” said David Kaye. According to reliable information, Mr. Bahgat was detained by military authorities on 8 November, during investigation solely based on his writing and work as journalist, and was then released today.

"Even after his release, his detention sends a signal of disrespect for the very principles of freedom of expression that President Sisi only days ago claimed his government upheld," added the UN expert.

"We are deeply concerned that the fear of criminalization and of being detained, even if not ultimately charged, creates an environment that deters reporting and intimidates writers and activists of all kinds," said Michel Forst.

“This adds to the already very difficult environment in which journalists and human rights defenders operate in Egypt. According to credible reporting, we understand that dozens of reporters are being held by Egyptian authorities today," the UN experts stressed.

This statement is endorsed by the Chair-Rapporteur of the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention, Seong-Phil Hong; the Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association, Maina Kiai; the Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, Juan Méndez; and the Special Rapporteur on the independence of judges and lawyers, Mónica Pinto.

ENDS

Michel Forst (France) was appointed by the Human Rights Council as the UN Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders in 2014.
David Kaye (USA) was appointed as Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression in August 2014 by the United Nations Human Rights Council. Learn more, log on to: http://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/FreedomOpinion/Pages/OpinionIndex.aspx

The UN Special Rapporteurs are part of what is known as the Special Procedures of the Human Rights Council. Special Procedures, the largest body of independent experts in the UN Human Rights, is the general name of the independent fact-finding and monitoring mechanisms of the Human Rights Council that address either specific country situations or thematic issues in all parts of the world. Special Procedures’ experts work on a voluntary basis; they are not UN staff and do not receive a salary for their work. They are independent from any government or organization and serve in their individual capacity.


For further information and media requests, Victoria Kuhn, UN Human Rights in Geneva (+41 22 917 9278 / vkuhn@ohchr.org)

For media inquiries related to other UN independent experts:
Xabier Celaya, UN Human Rights – Media Unit (+ 41 22 917 9383 / xcelaya@ohchr.org)  

For your news websites and social media: 
Key messages about our news releases are available on UN Human Rights social media channels, listed below. Please tag us using the proper handles
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