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07. 05. 2015.

NEWS RELEASE - Australia’s ‘national security’ visa refusal violated Iran



Australia’s ‘national security’ visa refusal violated Iranian’s right to family life - UN experts
  
GENEVA (30 April 2015) – Australia violated the right to family life of an Iranian man who had to leave the country after 16 years because he was considered a threat to national security but was never told why, the UN Human Rights Committee has found.

Iranian national Mansour Leghaei was refused a permanent visa to stay in Australia due to what the authorities termed “compelling reasons of national security”. Even though his relatives were entitled to remain in Australia, Mr. Leghaei’s wife and Australian-born daughter, then aged 14, left for Iran with him in June 2010. His twin sons, Australian citizens and then aged 26, and his 20-year-old son stayed in Australia.

The Geneva-based Committee said that Australia’s visa refusal, which compelled the family to choose whether to accompany him or stay in the State party, constituted arbitrary interference in the Leghaeis’ right to family life. Mr. Leghaei “had lived more than 16 years legally in the territory of the State party, without ever being charged or warned by the domestic authorities as regards his personal conduct,” the Committee wrote in its findings.

Furthermore, Australia did not give Mr. Leghaei an adequate and objective justification for disrupting his long-settled family life. He was never formally given the reason why he was refused a visa, “except for the general explanation that he was a threat to national security, assessments which he did not even receive a summary of,” the Committee noted.

In addition, although his lawyers were given information about the evidence against him, they were prevented from sharing any details with him that would have allowed him to instruct them and refute the alleged threat he posed to national security.

In its conclusions, made public on 28 April 2015*, the Committee found that Australia’s actions constituted arbitrary interference with the family and hence violated Article 17 and Article 23 of the **International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). In reaching its conclusion, the Committee recalled that the notion of arbitrariness includes a lack of predictability and due process of law.

In its submission to the committee, Australia had argued that the decision to expel Mr. Leghaei was reached in accordance with Australian laws that are fully in conformity with the Covenant and were interpreted in good faith by the competent domestic authorities.

The Human Rights Committee monitors implementation of the ICCPR by States parties. It considered this case under the First Optional Protocol to the Covenant which gives the Committee competence to examine individual complaints.

BACKGROUND:
**International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR):
Article 17
1. No one shall be subjected to arbitrary or unlawful interference with his privacy, family, home or correspondence, nor to unlawful attacks on his honour and reputation.
2. Everyone has the right to the protection of the law against such interference or attacks.
Article 23
1. The family is the natural and fundamental group unit of society and is entitled to protection by society and the State.
2. The right of men and women of marriageable age to marry and to found a family shall be recognized.
3. No marriage shall be entered into without the free and full consent of the intending spouses.
4. States Parties to the present Covenant shall take appropriate steps to ensure equality of rights and responsibilities of spouses as to marriage, during marriage and at its dissolution. In the case of dissolution, provision shall be made for the necessary protection of any children.

To learn more about the Human Rights Committee visit: http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/hrc/index.htm

Human Rights Committee individual complaints procedure:

For more information and media requests, please contact Liz Throssell (+41 (0) 22 917 9434/ ethrossell@ohchr.org

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MEDIA STATEMENT (ENGLISH/FRENCH) - Statement by OHCHR Spokesperson Rupert Colville on



La version française se trouve ci-dessous
French version, see below

Statement by OHCHR Spokesperson Rupert Colville on the use of the death penalty in Indonesia

GENEVA (29 April 2015) – “Indonesia appeals for clemency when its own nationals face execution in other countries, so it is incomprehensible why it absolutely refuses to grant clemency for lesser crimes on its own territory. It is extremely regrettable, extremely sad that these people have been deprived of their lives. Under international law, if the death penalty is to be used at all, it should only be imposed for the most serious crimes, essentially those involving intentional killing. Drug-related offenses are not considered to fall under the category of 'most serious' crimes. The High Commissioner, the Secretary-General, and other key United Nations entities urged Indonesia time and time again not to proceed with these executions. We appeal once again most strenuously to Indonesia to reinstate its moratorium on the death penalty.”

ENDS

For more information and media requests, please contact Rupert Colville (+41 22 917 9767 /rcolville@ohchr.org), Ravina Shamdasani (+41 22 917 9169 / rshamdasani@ohchr.org)or Cécile Pouilly  (+41 22 917 9310 / cpouilly@ohchr.org)

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Déclaration du porte-parole du Haut-Commissariat aux droits de l'homme Rupert Colville sur l'utilisation de la peine de mort en Indonésie

GENEVE (29 avril 2015) – « L'Indonésie lance des appels à la clémence lorsque ses citoyens risquent d'être exécutés dans d'autres pays. Il est donc impossible de comprendre son refus absolu d'accorder sa clémence pour des crimes moins graves sur son propre sol. Il est extrêmement regrettable et extrêmement triste que ces gens aient perdu la vie. Au regard du droit international, si la peine de mort doit vraiment être utilisée, elle ne devrait être infligée que pour les crimes les plus graves, principalement ceux impliquant un homicide volontaire. Les délits liés à la drogue ne sont pas considérés comme relevant de la catégorie des crimes « les plus graves ». Le Haut-Commissaire, le Secrétaire général et d'autres entités importantes des Nations Unies ont exhorté à maintes et maintes reprises l'Indonésie à ne pas procéder à ces exécutions. Nous demandons à nouveau à l'Indonésie de rétablir son moratorium sur la peine de mort. »

FIN

Pour plus d’information ou pour toute demande de la part des médias, veuillez contacter: Rupert Colville (+41 22 917 9767/ rcolville@ohchr.org) ou Ravina Shamdasani (+41 22 917 9169 / rshamdasani@ohchr.org) ou Cécile Pouilly (+41 22 917 9310 / cpouilly@ohchr.org)

Pour en savoir davantage au sujet du Haut-Commissariat des Nations Unies aux droits de l’homme: http://www.ohchr.org

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NEWS RELEASE - USA: Transparency and accountability essential in use of drones –



 USA: Transparency and accountability essential in use of drones – UN human rights experts
  
GENEVA (29 April 2015) – A group of UN independent human rights experts* today welcomed the US Government’s announcement of a review into two counter-terrorism operations involving the use of drones, but they stressed the need to ensure transparency and accountability.

The US Government acknowledged the accidental killing of four individuals in counter-terrorism operations conducted in January in the border regions of Afghanistan and Pakistan involving the use of drones, following declassification of information related to the operations and disclosure to the public.

“We welcome President Obama’s apology to the families. All innocent victims of drone attacks deserve such an apology, regardless of their nationality,” the experts stated.

“In my report to the UN General Assembly in 2013, I urged the United States to declassify, to the maximum extent possible, information relevant to its lethal extraterritorial counter-terrorism operations, and to release its own data on all civilian casualties inflicted through the use of remotely piloted aircraft, as well as information on the evaluation methodology used,” said Ben Emmerson, the Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms while countering terrorism.

The experts stressed that it was crucial for this approach to go beyond these incidents.

“Authorities are often obliged to plan these sorts of counter-terrorism operations on the basis of factual hypotheses that cannot be adequately verified due to incomplete or conflicting information,” the experts observed. “Purely ex post facto assessments into what has possibly gone wrong are important for the purposes of evaluating impact, identifying lessons learnt and putting in place operational arrangements to mitigate against repetition,” they noted. “However, they are not enough for a finding of State, as well as individual, responsibility.”

“It is critical that whenever civilian casualties are suspected, there is a proper procedure in place to ascertain the facts, and that the facts are then made public with a view to securing accountability and reparations for the victims,” they said. “Any plausible allegation of killing of or serious injury to civilians triggers the obligation to investigate. This is an obligation that is imposed by international human rights law and international humanitarian law on States using drones as well as on States on whose territory such technology is used.”  

“According to internationally recognized legal standards, investigations must be prompt, impartial, independent and exhaustive,” added Juan Mendez, the Special Rapporteur on torture.

The experts stressed that, subject to redactions on the grounds of legitimate national security, their results must be open to public scrutiny, and, where appropriate, adequate reparation to victims and their families must be offered.

“Ultimately, the lawfulness of Government action should be subject to independent and effective judicial review, both at the domestic, and at the international level,” said Gabriela Knaul, the Special Rapporteur on the independence of judges and lawyers.

The experts also expressed hope that the commitment made by the US Government will provide new impetus towards a concerted response by the international community to the unresolved controversies surrounding the use of armed drones.

“The legal framework for maintaining international peace and the protection of the right to life is a coherent and well-established system. States using drones have an obligation to respect international standards and prevent violations,” said Christof Heyns, the Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions, cautioning against broad and permissive interpretations of the current international rules and standards.

“There are a number of legal questions on which there is either no clear international consensus, or where current practices and interpretations appear to need further discussion,” noted Ben Emmerson. “Only a legitimate consensus across the international community can pave the way to a sound, ethical and legal response to these questions.”

The experts stressed that armed drones should be used in a manner that is compatible with international law.

(*) The experts:  Ben Emmerson, Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms while countering terrorism; Juan Méndez, Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment; Christof Heyns, Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions; and Gabriela Knaul, Special Rapporteur on independence of judges and lawyers.

ENDS

The Special Rapporteurs are part of what is known as the Special Procedures of the Human Rights Council. Special Procedures, the largest body of independent experts in the UN Human Rights system, is the general name of the Council’s independent fact-finding and monitoring mechanisms that address either specific country situations or thematic issues in all parts of the world. Special Procedures’ experts work on a voluntary basis; they are not UN staff and do not receive a salary for their work. They are independent from any government or organization and serve in their individual capacity. Learn more, log on to: http://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/SP/Pages/Welcomepage.aspx
For more information and media requests please contact Alessandro Marra (+41 22 928 9870 / amarra@ohchr.org) or write to srct@ohchr.org.

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NEWS RELEASE - (ENGLISH/AZERBAIJANI) Azerbaijan visit: UN torture prevention body


Version in Azerbaijani, please see below

Azerbaijan visit: UN torture prevention body welcomes unhindered access, urges more safeguards

GENEVA/BAKU (24 April 2015) –The UN Subcommittee on Prevention of Torture (SPT) has welcomed the unhindered access it had to places of detention in Azerbaijan during its resumed visit, while calling on the authorities to do more to protect the rights of people deprived of their liberty.
The SPT’s visit, from 16 to 24 April, went ahead six months after the previous visit was suspended amid lack of official co-operation. 
“The Azerbaijani Government this time enabled unhindered access to places of deprivation of liberty,” said Aisha Shujune Muhammad, head of the SPT delegation. "However, the State party has yet to guarantee all fundamental legal and procedural safeguards to persons deprived of their liberty, including access to a lawyer, a medical doctor, and to contact his or her family,” she added.

The four-member SPT delegation on Friday presented their confidential preliminary observations to the State authorities on how to strengthen the protection of persons deprived of their liberty against torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. 
The UN group of experts visited places of deprivation of liberty throughout the country, including in Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. These included police stations, pre-trial and temporary detention centres, investigative isolation units of the Ministry of National Security, prisons, psychiatric hospitals and social care institutions.

Members of the delegation carried out private and confidential interviews with law enforcement officials, medical staff and persons deprived of their liberty. The SPT delegation also met relevant Azerbaijani authorities, members of its independent monitoring body, known as a National Preventive Mechanism (NPM) and representatives of civil society.  

Following the visit, the SPT will submit a confidential report to the Government of Azerbaijan, containing its observations and recommendations.

“We hope, and expect, that the Government of Azerbaijan will use our report to enhance prevention of torture and other ill-treatment, as well as to further improve conditions in which people may be deprived of their liberty,” said Ms. Muhammad. As with all other States, the SPT is encouraging Azerbaijan to make this report public.
The SPT delegation was composed of Ms. Aisha Shujune Muhammad (Head of Delegation), Mr. Milos Jankovic, Ms. Margarete Suzuko Osterfeld, and Mr. Victor Zaharia (Focal Point for Reprisals).

ENDS

For media inquiries, please contact :
Baku: Kamran Baghirov, +994 12 497 08 69/ kbaghirov@ohchr.org
Geneva: Liz Throssell, +41 (0) 22 917 9466/ ethrossell@ohchr.org

BACKGROUND
The mandate of the SPT is to prevent torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment of persons deprived of their liberty through visiting, monitoring and advising all States that are parties to the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture (OPCAT).

States are obliged to allow the SPT unannounced and unhindered access to all places where people are or may be deprived of their liberty. States parties also have to establish a NPM, which is expected to carry out regular monitoring visits of places of deprivation of liberty in all parts of the country.



Azərbaycana səfər: BMT-nin işgəncələrə qarşı qurumu məhdudiyyətsiz giriş imkanlarını alqışlayır və daha çox müdafiə müxanizmlərinin tətbiqinə çağırır

CENEVRƏ/BAKI (24 aprel 2015-ci il) – İşgəncələrin Qarşısının Alınması Üzrə BMT-nin Alt Komitəsinin (SPT) nümayəndə heyəti təxirə salınmış səfər çərçivəsində Azərbaycanda azadlıqdan məhrumetmə yerlərinə məhdudiyyətsiz girişin təmin olunmasını müsbət dəyərləndirir və eyni zamanda Höküməti azadlıqdan məhrum edilən bütün şəxslərin hüquqlarının müdafiəsi istiqamətində daha çox səylərin tətbiq edilməsinə çağırır.

Rəsmi qurumların əməkdaşlıq etməməsi səbəbindən SPT-nin keçən il təxirə salınan səfəri altı ay sonra, 16-24 aprel tarixlərində baş tutdu.

SPT heyətinin rəhbəri Aişa Şujun Muhamməd qeyd edir: “Bu dəfə Azərbaycan Höküməti azadlıqdan məhrumetmə yerlərinə məhdudiyyətsiz girişi təmin etmişdir. Bununla belə, Hökümət azadlıqdan məhrum edilən bütün şəxslər üçün vəkil və həkim xidmətinin əlçatan olması, habelə ailə ilə əlaqənin yaradılması da daxil olmaqla bütün fundamental hüquqi və prosedur haqqları təmin etməlidir.”

Cümə günü dörd nəfərdən ibarət SPT heyəti azadlıqdan məhrum edilən bütün şəxslərə qarşı işgəncə, qəddar, qeyri-insani və ya ləyaqəti alçaldan rəftar və cəzalardan müdafiə etmək sahəsində fəaliyyətinin gücləndirilməsi üzrə ilkin müşahidələrini konfidensial olaraq Azərbaycan Respublikasının rəsmi qurumlarına çatdırmışdır.

BMT ekspertlər qrupu Naxçıvan Muxtar Respublikası daxil olmaqla, ölkənin müxtəlif bölgələrində azadlıqdan məhrumetmə yerlərinə səfərlər etmişdir. Bu siyahıya polis məntəqələri, istintaq təcridxanaları və müvəqqəti saxlama yerləri, Milli Təhlükəsizlik Nazirliyinin istintaq təcridxanası, həbsxanalar, psixiatriya xəstəxanaları və sosial qayğı mərkəzləri daxildir.

Nümayəndə heyətinin üzvləri hüquq-mühafizə orqanlarının əməkdaşları, tibbi heyət və azadlıqdan məhrum edilən şəxslərlə fərdi və məxfi müsahibələr keçirmişdir. SPT heyəti həmçinin Azərbaycan Respublikasının müvafiq rəsmi qurumları, Milli Preventiv Mexanizm (MPM) kimi tanınan müstəqil monitorinq qrupunun üzvləri və vətəndaş cəmiyyəti təşkilatları ilə görüşmüşdür.

Səfərdən sonra SPT öz müşahidə və tövsiyyələrdən ibarət hesabatını konfidensial olaraq Azərbaycan Hökümətinə təqdim edəcək.
Xanım Muhamməd həmçinin qeyd etmişdir: “Ümid edirik ki, Azərbaycan Höküməti işgəncə və digər qeyri-insani rəftar hallarının qarşını almaq, habelə azadlıqdan məhrumetmə yerlərinin şəraitini daha da yaxşılaşdırmaq istiqamətində bizim hesabatdan geniş istifadə edəcək.” Digər ölkələrdə olduğu kimi, SPT Azərbaycan Hökümətini sözügedən hesabatı ictimaiyyətə açıqlamağa çağırır.

SPT nümayəndə heyətinin üzvləri: Aişa Şujun Muhamməd (Heyət rəhbəri), Miloş Yankoviç, Margret Osterfeld və Viktor Zaharia (Cəzalandırmalar üzrə əlaqələndirici şəxs).

SON
Mətbuat sorğuları ilə əlaqədar aşağıdakı şəxslərlə əlaqə saxlamağınız xahiş olunur:
Bakıda: Kamran Bağırov, +994 12 498 08 69/ kbaghirov@ohchr.org
Cenevrə: Liz Throssell, +41 (0) 22 917 9466/

İstinad məlumatı:
SPT-nin səlahiyyətlərinə səfərlər, monitorinq və İşgəncələrə qarşı Konvensiyanın Fakültativ Protokolu (OPCAT) haqqında üzv dövlətlərin məlumatlandırılması vasitəsilə azadlıqdan məhrum edilən bütün şəxslərə qarşı işgəncə, qəddar, qeyri-insani və ya ləyaqəti alçaldan rəftar və ya cəzaların qarşısını almaq daxildir.  

Dövlətlər insanların azadlıqdan məhrum edildiyi və yaxud edilə biləcəyi istənilən yerlərə SPT-nin elan olunmamış və məhdudiyyətsiz girişi təmin etmək öhdəliyi daşıyır. Dövlətlər həmçinin MPM yaratmalıdır ki, onlar da ölkənin müxtəlif bölgələrində azadlıqdan məhrum etmə yerlərinə mütəmadi monitorinq səfərləri həyata keçirməlidir.

NEWS RELEASE (ENGLISH/FRANCAIS) - UN Human Rights Chief urges U.K. to tackle tabloi


French version below

UN Human Rights Chief urges U.K. to tackle tabloid hate speech, after migrants called “cockroaches”

GENEVA (24 April 2015) – After decades of sustained and unrestrained anti-foreigner abuse, misinformation and distortion, and in the wake of a recent article in the Sun newspaper calling migrants “cockroaches,” the UN Human Rights Chief on Friday urged the U.K. authorities, media, and regulatory bodies to take steps to curb incitement to hatred by British tabloid newspapers, in line with the country’s obligations under national and international law.

The UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, Zeid Ra’ad Al Hussein also called on all European countries to take a firmer line on racism and xenophobia which he said “under the guise of freedom of expression, are being allowed to feed a vicious cycle of vilification, intolerance and politicization of migrants, as well as of marginalized European minorities such as the Roma.”

“This is not only sapping compassion for the thousands of people fleeing conflict, human rights violations and economic deprivation who are drowning in the Mediterranean. The nasty underbelly of racism that is characterizing the migration debate in an increasing number of EU countries, has skewed the EU response to the crisis, which as we see in the results of the EU Council deliberations yesterday focuses on deterrence and on preventing movement at all costs, risks making the crisis even worse, and could sadly result in further massive loss of life.”

An article by a Sun columnist on 17 April began with the words “Show me pictures of coffins, show me bodies floating in water, play violins and show me skinny people looking sad. I still don't care.” Elsewhere in the article she described migrants as “a plague of feral humans,” compared them to “a novovirus” and said some British towns were “festering sores, plagued by swarms of migrants and asylum seekers shelling out benefits like Monopoly money.”

The Sun columnist also advocated using gunboats to stop migrants, threatening them with violence, and said “drilling a few holes in the bottom of anything suspiciously resembling a boat would be a good idea too.”  

In language very similar to that employed by Rwanda’s Kangura newspaper and Radio Mille Collines during the run up to the 1994 genocide, the columnist said “make no mistake, these migrants are like cockroaches.” Leading figures in both Rwandan media organizations were later convicted by an international tribunal of public incitement to commit genocide.

On Monday, a British NGO, the Society of Black Lawyers, reported the Sun to the U.K.’s Metropolitan Police and requested the matter be investigated under the 1986 Public Order Act to see whether the article amounts to incitement to racial hatred.

Zeid urged the UK authorities to take the complaint seriously, and to closely examine the broader issue of incitement to hatred by the tabloid press and other sectors of society. “This vicious verbal assault on migrants and asylum seekers in the UK tabloid press has continued unchallenged under the law for far too long. I am an unswerving advocate of freedom of expression, which is guaranteed under Article 19 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), but it is not absolute. Article 20 of the same Covenant says ‘Any advocacy of national, racial or religious hatred that constitutes incitement to discrimination, hostility or violence shall be prohibited by law.’”

The High Commissioner noted that Article 20 of the ICCPR, as well as elements relating to hate speech in the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination* (both of which have been ratified by the U.K., as well as by all other EU countries), were rooted in the desire to outlaw the type of anti-Semitic and other racially based hate speech used by the Nazi media during the 1930s. “The Nazi media described people their masters wanted to eliminate as rats and cockroaches. This type of language is clearly inflammatory and unacceptable, especially in a national newspaper. The Sun’s editors took an editorial decision to publish this article, and – if it is found in breach of the law – should be held responsible along with the author.”

Zeid noted that the Sun article was simply one of the more extreme examples of thousands of anti-foreigner articles that have appeared in UK tabloids over the past two decades. “To give just one glimpse of the scale of the problem, back in 2003 the Daily Express ran 22 negative front pages stories about asylum seekers and refugees in a single 31-day period. Asylum seekers and migrants have, day after day, for years on end, been linked to rape, murder, diseases such as HIV and TB, theft, and almost every conceivable crime and misdemeanour imaginable in front-page articles and two-page spreads, in cartoons, editorials, even on the sports pages of almost all the UK’s national tabloid newspapers,” he said. “Many of these stories have been grossly distorted and some have been outright fabrications. Elsewhere in Europe, as well as in other countries, there has been a similar process of demonization taking place, but usually led by extremist political parties or demagogues rather than extremist media.”

The High Commissioner noted that “while migration and refugee issues are completely valid topics for public debate, it is imperative that migration policy decisions that affect people’s lives and fundamental human rights should be made on the basis of fact -- not fiction, exaggeration or blatant xenophobia. History has shown us time and again the dangers of demonizing foreigners and minorities, and it is extraordinary and deeply shameful to see these types of tactics being used in a variety of countries, simply because racism and xenophobia are so easy to arouse in order to win votes or sell newspapers.”

ENDS

* Article 4 of the international Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD) says that States Parties "shall declare an offence punishable by law all dissemination of ideas based on racial superiority or hatred, incitement to racial discrimination, as well as acts of violence or incitement to such acts against any race or group of persons of another colour or ethnic origin...". The international body overseeing the implementation of ICERD has made it clear that the provisions of article 4 apply to non-citizens.

Article 19(3) of the ICCPR makes it clear that the exercise of the right to freedom of expression carries with it special duties and responsibilities, and it may therefore be subject to certain restrictions.
In addition, the 2012 Rabat Plan of Action, the outcome of extensive international discussions on the prohibition of advocacy of national, racial or religious hatred that constitutes incitement to discrimination, hostility or violence provides further useful guidance on these issues.
For more information and media requests, please contact  Rupert Colville  (+41 22 917 9767 / NEWS RELEASE (ENGLISH/FRANCAIS) - UN Human Rights Chief urges U.K. to tackle tabloi, Ravina Shamdasani (+41 22 917 9169 /rshamdasani@ohchr.org) or Cécile Pouilly (+41 22 917 9310 / cpouilly@ohchr.org).

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Le Haut-Commissaire des Nations Unies aux droits de l’homme exhorte le Royaume-Uni à s’attaquer aux discours de haine des tabloïds, après que des migrants aient été traités de « cafards »

GENEVE (24 avril 2015) – Après des décennies d’abus répétés et sans limite contre les étrangers, de désinformation et de distorsion, et suite à un article récent paru dans le journal le Sun traitant les migrants de « cafards », le Haut-Commissaire des Nations Unies aux droits de l’homme a exhorté vendredi les autorités, les médias et les organismes de régulation du Royaume-Uni à prendre des mesures pour juguler l’incitation à la haine par les tabloïds britanniques, conformément aux obligations du pays au regard du droit national et international.

Le Haut-Commissaire des Nations Unies aux droits de l’homme, Zeid Ra’ad Al Hussein, a aussi appelé tous les pays européens à adopter une ligne plus ferme sur le racisme et la xénophobie qui, a-t-il déclaré, « sont autorisés, sous le couvert de la liberté d’expression, à alimenter un cercle vicieux de diffamation, d’intolérance et de politisation des migrants et des minorités européennes marginalisées tels que les Roms ».

« Ceci ne sape pas seulement le sentiment de compassion à l’égard des milliers de personnes fuyant la guerre, les violations des droits de l’homme et le dénuement économique qui meurent noyées en Méditerranée. Le vilain “ventre mou” du racisme qui caractérise le débat sur la migration dans un nombre croissant de pays de l’Union européenne fausse également les réponses apportées à la crise par l’Union européenne. Comme l’a montré hier le résultat des délibérations du Conseil de l’Europe, ces réponses se concentrent sur la dissuasion et la prévention des mouvements, au risque d’aggraver la crise, et pourraient tristement aboutir à de nouvelles pertes massives de vies humaines. »

Un article d’un éditorialiste du Sun daté du 17 avril débute par ces mots: « Montrez-moi des images de cercueils, montrez-moi des corps flottants dans l’eau, faites jouer les violons et montrez-moi des gens maigres qui semblent tristes. Je n’en ai toujours rien à faire. » Plus loin dans l’article, elle décrit les migrants comme une « invasion de sauvages », les compare à un « novovirus » et déclare que les villes britanniques sont « rongées par le mal, infestées par des essaims de migrants et de demandeurs d’asile, engloutissant les allocations comme l’argent du Monopoly .»

L’éditorialiste du Sun plaide aussi pour l’utilisation de canonnières pour stopper les migrants, propose de les menacer d’actions violentes et déclare que « faire quelques trous au fond de tout ce qui peut ressembler à un bateau serait également une bonne idée ».

Dans un langage très similaire à celui employé par le journal Kangura et la Radio des Mille Collines au Rwanda au cours de la période précédant le génocide de 1994, l’éditorialiste du Sun déclare: « Ne vous trompez pas. Ces migrants sont comme des cafards. » Des responsables de ces deux médias rwandais ont ultérieurement été condamnés par un tribunal international pour incitation publique à commettre un génocide.

Lundi, une ONG britannique, the Society of Black Lawyers, a dénoncé le Sun à la police britannique et demandé une enquête pour déterminer si cet article pourrait constituer une incitation à la haine raciale, au regard de la loi sur l’ordre public de 1986.

Le Haut-Commissaire des Nations Unies aux droits de l’homme a exhorté les autorités britanniques à prendre cette plainte très au sérieux et à examiner attentivement la question plus large de l’incitation à la haine par les tabloïds et par d’autres secteurs de la société.

« Les attaques verbales sournoises contre les migrants et les demandeurs d’asile par les tabloïds britanniques se poursuivent depuis trop longtemps, sans être contestées d’un point de vue légal. Je suis un défenseur inflexible de la liberté d’expression, qui est garantie par l’article 19 du Pacte international relatif aux droits civils et politiques (PIDCP), mais cette liberté n’est pas absolue. L’article 20 de ce pacte stipule que “tout appel à la haine nationale, raciale ou religieuse qui constitue une incitation à la discrimination, à l'hostilité ou à la violence est interdit par la loi”. »

Le Haut-Commissaire a indiqué que l’article 20 du PIDCP et des éléments relatifs aux discours de haine dans la Convention internationale sur l'élimination de toutes les formes de discrimination raciale* - deux instruments ratifiés par le Royaume-Uni et tous les autres pays européens - sont fondés sur la volonté de rendre illégal le genre de discours de haine, antisémite et basé sur la race utilisé par les médias nazis dans les années 30. « Les médias nazis décrivaient les gens que leurs patrons voulaient éliminer comme des rats ou des cafards. Ce type de langage est clairement inflammatoire et inacceptable, en particulier dans un journal national. Les rédacteurs du Sun ont pris la décision éditoriale de publier cet article, et – s’il est établi qu’il contrevient à la loi – devraient être tenus pour responsables, au même titre que l’auteur. »

Le Haut-Commissaire a souligné que l’article du Sun n’était que l’un des exemples les plus extrêmes des articles contre les étrangers parus dans les tabloïds britanniques au cours des vingt dernières années.

« Pour donner un aperçu de la dimension du problème, en 2003, au cours d’une période de 31 jours, le Daily Express a mis à sa une 22 couvertures sur des histoires négatives portant sur des demandeurs d’asile et des réfugiés. Les demandeurs d’asile et les réfugiés ont, jour après jour, année après année, été associés à des viols, des meurtres, des maladies telles que le SIDA et la tuberculose, des vols et à tout crime possiblement concevable et délit imaginable dans des articles faisant la une des journaux, dans des doubles feuilles, des dessins, des éditoriaux, et même dans les pages sportives de presque tous les tabloïds britanniques », a-t-il dit.

« Beaucoup de ces histoires ont été grossièrement déformées et certaines relèvent de l’affabulation pure et simple. Dans d’autres parties de l’Europe et dans d’autres pays, un processus similaire de diabolisation a lieu, mais il est le plus souvent mené par des partis politiques extrémistes plutôt que par des médias extrémistes.»

Le Haut-Commissaire a noté que: « Bien que les questions de migration et de réfugiés soient des sujets de débat public tout à fait légitimes, il est impératif que les décisions politiques migratoires qui affectent la vie des gens et leurs droits fondamentaux se fondent sur des faits, et non sur des fictions, des exagérations ou une xénophobie patente. L’histoire nous a montré, encore et encore, les dangers de la diabolisation des étrangers et des minorités, et il est vraiment extraordinaire et profondément scandaleux de voir ce type de tactique être utilisé dans toutes sortes de pays, simplement parce que le racisme et la xénophobie sont si faciles à éveiller pour gagner des voix ou vendre des journaux. »

FIN

* L’article 4 de la Convention internationale sur l'élimination de toutes les formes de discrimination raciale stipule que les Etats parties s’engagent à « déclarer délits punissables par la loi toute diffusion d'idées fondées sur la supériorité ou la haine raciale, toute incitation à la discrimination raciale, ainsi que tous actes de violence, ou provocation à de tels actes, dirigés contre toute race ou tout groupe de personnes d'une autre couleur ou d'une autre origine ethnique ». L’organe international chargé de surveiller la mise en œuvre de cette convention a indiqué, de manière claire, que les dispositions de l’article 4 s’appliquent aux migrants et aux personnes n’étant pas des ressortissantes de ces Etats.

L’article 19(3) du PIDCP stipule aussi de manière claire que l’exercice du droit à la liberté d’expression est assorti de devoirs et de responsabilités particuliers, et peut donc être soumis à certaines restrictions.

Par ailleurs, le Plan d’action de Rabat de 2012, qui est le fruit d’intenses discussions internationales portant sur l’interdiction de la haine nationale, raciale ou religieuse constituant une incitation à la discrimination, à l’hostilité ou à la violence fournit des conseils utiles sur ces questions.

Pour des informations additionnelles et des demandes des médias, veuillez contacter Rupert Colville  (+41 22 917 9767 / rcolville@ohchr.org), Ravina Shamdasani (+ 41 22 917 9169 / rshamdasani@ohchr.org ) ou Cécile Pouilly (+41 22 917 9310 /cpouilly@ohchr.org)

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MEDIA STATEMENT: Secret negotiations on trade treaties, a threat to human rights – UN expert



Secret negotiations on trade treaties, a threat to human rights – UN expert

GENEVA (23 April 2015) – The Independent Expert on the promotion of a democratic and equitable international order, Alfred de Zayas, expressed Thursday his deep concern over the general lack of awareness on the adverse effects that existing, or under negotiations, bilateral and multilateral free trade and investment agreements have on the enjoyment of human rights in many countries, particularly in the developing world.  

“I am concerned about the secrecy surrounding negotiations for trade treaties, which have excluded key stakeholder groups from the process, including labour unions, environmental protection groups, food-safety movements and health professionals.

Proactive disclosure by governments, genuine consultation and public participation in decision-making are indispensable to make these agreements democratically legitimate.

“Fast-tracking” adoption of such treaties has a detrimental impact on the promotion of a democratic and equitable world order.

It is tantamount to disenfranchising the public and constitutes a violation to accepted human rights law, which stipulates that every citizen shall have the right and the opportunity to take part in the conduct of public affairs.

There is a general lack of awareness concerning the adverse effects that existing bilateral and multilateral free trade and investment agreements already have on the enjoyment of human rights, including the right to health, the right to education and the right to live in a safe, clean, healthy and sustainable environment.

Human rights impact assessments should be urgently undertaken, given the numerous treaties currently under consideration and the potential risk they represent for the enjoyment of human rights.

I am especially worried about the impact that investor-state-arbitrations (ISDS) have already had and foreseeably will have on human rights, in particular the provision which allows investors to challenge domestic legislation and administrative decisions if these can potentially reduce their profits. 

Such investor-state tribunals are made up of arbitrators, mostly corporate lawyers, whose independence has been put into question on grounds of conflict of interest, and whose decisions are not subject to appeal or to other forms of accountability. 

The apparent lack of independence, transparency and accountability of ISDS tribunals also entails a violation ( prima-facie) of the fundamental principle of legality laid down in international human rights law, including article 14 of the ICCPR, which requires that suits at law be adjudicated by independent tribunals.

It has been argued that ISDS tilts the playing field away from democratic accountability, favouring “big business” over the rights and interests of labourers and consumers. The establishment of parallel systems of dispute settlement and their exemption from scrutiny and appeal are incompatible with principles of constitutionality and the rule of law, and as such are harmful to the moral welfare of society (“ contra bonos mores”).

“Because all States are bound by the United Nations Charter, all bi-lateral and international treaties must conform with the Charter and its principles of equal rights and self-determination of peoples, respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms, sovereign equality of States, the prohibition of the threat of and the use of force and of intervention in matters which are essentially within the domestic jurisdiction of States. 

Article 103* of the Charter clearly stipulates that provisions of free trade and investment agreements as well as decisions of ISDS arbitrators must conform with the UN Charter and must not lead to a violation, erosion of or retrogression in human rights protection or compromise State sovereignty and the State’s fundamental obligation to ensure the human rights and well-being of all persons living under its jurisdiction.  Agreements or arbitral decisions that violate international human rights law are null and void as incompatible with Article 103 of the UN Charter and contrary to international ordre public.”

ENDS

* Article 103 of the Charter stipulates that “in the event of conflict between the obligations of the Members of the United Nations under the present Charter and their obligations under any other international agreement, their obligations under the present charter shall prevail.”

Alfred de Zayas  (United States of America) was appointed as the first Independent Expert on the promotion of a democratic and equitable international order by the Human Rights Council, effective May 2012. He is currently professor of international law at the Geneva School of Diplomacy. Mr. de Zayas practiced corporate law and family law in New York and Florida. As a Human Rights Council’s mandate holder, he is independent from any government or organization and serves in his individual capacity. Learn more, log on to: http://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/IntOrder/Pages/IEInternationalorderIndex.aspx 

The Independent Experts are part of what is known as the Special Procedures of the Human Rights Council. Special Procedures, the largest body of independent experts in the UN Human Rights system, is the general name of the Council’s independent fact-finding and monitoring mechanisms that address either specific country situations or thematic issues in all parts of the world. Special Procedures’ experts work on a voluntary basis; they are not UN staff and do not receive a salary for their work. They are independent from any government or organization and serve in their individual capacity.

For more information and media requests , please contact Mr. Thibaut Guillet (+41 22 917 93 89 / tguillet@ohchr.org ) or write to ie-internationalorder@ohchr.org
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[Roma_Francais] The French Roma File 1997-2005: The shame of the Republic (part 1)


'Roma Virtual Network' romale0804@yahoo.com [Roma_Francais]

To Roma_Daily_Newayahoogroups.com

21/04/2015 - USC Shoah Foundation’s educational resource Giving Memory a Future: The Sinti and Roma in Italy and Around the World continues to make waves across Europe. Milena Santerini, professor and Member of Parliament who helped create the resource, presented it at the Council of Europe yesterday.

The Council of Europe’s Italian Delegation hosted a seminar titled “The Roma Between Memory and Rights.” Santerini, who is part of the Council’s Committee on Equality and Non-Discrimination, demonstrated the Giving Memory a Future website and showed clips of Roma testimonies from the Visual History Archive.

Other speakers at the seminar were Santino Spinelli, professor of Romani language and culture at University of Chieti; author Ellie Keen; Ramon Flores, a young Roma activist; and Ulrich Bunjes, special representative of the Secretary General for Roma Issues.

At Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Santerini is professor of intercultural pedagogy and has long organized educator training programs that incorporate USC Shoah Foundation and the Visual History Archive. She had the initial idea to create an educational resource about the Roma and Sinti using USC Shoah Foundation testimony from her experience teaching about the Holocaust. She thought the same methods of teaching the Jewish experience of the Holocaust that have resulted in greater awareness of discrimination and exclusion could also be applied to the Roma/Sinti, or “gypsy,” persecution during the Holocaust, which is much less known.

The Italian Ministry of Education recently passed a decree to make Giving Memory a Future available to all teachers and create an annual contest for students about the Roma Genocide also using the resource.


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Posted by: "Roma Virtual Network" <romale0804@yahoo.com>