Objavljeno :
21.11.2016.
U ime evropske energetske bezbednosti privatni čuvari u
mornarsko plavim uniformama, pogleda skrivenog iza pilotskih naočara, šetaju
kroz maslinjak na jugu Italije. Oni su tu jer se na putu 45 milijardi dolara
vrednom gasovodu, kojim do Evrope treba da stiže gas iz centralne Azije i tako
pomogne EU da smanji zavisnost od ruskih energenata, našlo 231 stablo masline.
Lokalne vlasti žele da se ruta gasovoda izmeni, s obzirom da su u maslinjaku i
stabla stara više od 400 godina, međutim, oni koji razvijaju projekat kažu da
imaju dozvolu Rima pod uslovom da presade masline dok postavljaju i ukopavaju
cevi.
U strahu od protesta, konzorcijum za gasovod, uključujući
britanski BP, azerbejdžansku državnu energetsku kompaniju Socar i italijansku
kompaniju za gas Snap, angažovao je 24-satno obezbeđenje.
Radovi na italijanskoj strani Transjadranskog gasovoda
(TAP) ne mogu da se odvijaju bez saglasnosti na lokalu, zbog čega bi mogao da
kasni projekat gasovoda kojim bi za četiri godine trebalo da stiže količina
gasa ekvivalentna 10% evropskog uvoza ruskih energenata.
Maslinjak, čija najstarija stabla je Unesko prepoznao kao
svetsku baštinu, predstavlja više od slabe karike u evropskoj energetskoj
bezbednosti. On ukazuje i na pitanje koje je u centru debate o najvećoj ustavnoj
reformi za deset godina u Italiji - o moći lokalnih vlasti da osujete odluke
Rima. Italijanski premijer Mateo Renci predložio je da se ta moć lokala smanji,
o čemu će se odlučivati na referendumu 4. decembra.
"Nijedan od regiona nije srećan zbog tih reformi jer
se plaše da će biti slabiji u suočavanju sa centralnom vladom i da će trpeti
zbog stvari koje ne razumeju, poput gasovoda TAP", kaže Mikele Emilijano
(Michele Emiliano), guverner regiona Pulja, najvećeg proizvođača maslinovog
ulja u Italiji i popularne turističke destinacije.
Italijanski ministar za ekonomski razvoj prethodno je
optužio vladu Pulje da koristi livadu u blizini grada Melendunja i stotine
drugih stabala uz rutu gasovoda kao izgovor da blokira projekat.
"Ukoliko prođe, referendum će obezbediti mnogo bolju
podelu moći, posebno u energetskom sektoru", napisao je u odgovoru na
novinarsko pitanje ministar za ekonomski razvoj Karlo Kalenda (Carlo Calenda).
Konzorcijum za TAP, koji uključuje i belgijski Fluksis
(Fluxys), španski Enagas i švajcarski Akspo (Axpo), saopštio je da je tražio od
Rima da sarađuje sa Puljom kako bi završio uklanjanje stabala i da je uveren da
će problem uskoro biti rešen.
"Kašnjenje sa izmeštanjem stabala neće zaustaviti
projekat", istakao je menadžer TAP za Italiju Mikele Mario Elija (Elia).
Slabi znaci života
Kada su novinari Rojtersa krajem septembra posetili
maslinjak kod Melendunja, gotovo da i nije bilo znaka života. Osim patrole
čuvara, tu su bili samo arheolozi koji u blizini vrše preliminarna iskopavanja
da pre nego što počnu radovi na gasovodu provere da na tom mestu nema zakopanih
antikviteta.
"Postoji opasnost da neka stabla maslina neće
preživeti", rekao je gradonačelnik Melendunja Marko Poti (Marco)
objašnjavajući da bi presađivanje moglo da ih izloži bakteriji koja je uništila
desetine hiljada stabala poslednjih godina.
Kada je 2015. odobravao projekat, Rim je naveo desetine
uslova, uključujući pažljivo uklanjanje oko 10.000 stabala maslina dok se
postave cevi za gasovod. Kasnije bi stabla bila vraćena i ponovo posađena.
Region Pulja zapretio je da će se obratiti ustavnom sudu
ako se projekat bude realizovao bez njihovog odobrenja tvrdeći usput da se Rim
nikada nije konsultovao sa regionom kako treba. Pulja se poziva na nedavnu
presudu suda da centralna vlada treba da se konsultuje sa regionima pre
odobravanja međunarodnih projekata gasovoda.
U Rimu pak tvrde da su se konsultovali sa Puljom pre nego
što su dali zeleno svetlo za TAP.
Masline su zaštitni znak Pulje i prošle godine su žitelji
regiona izašli na ulice kada su objavljeni planovi uništavanja nekih zaraženih
stabala. "Pretpostavljam da će se isto desiti i ovaj put", rekao je
gradonačelnik Poti.
Lokalne vlasti kažu da oni koji sprovode projekat mogu da
izmeste stabla između 1. novembra u 20. aprila, dok su u periodu sporijeg
rasta, međutim, još nisu dobili puno odobrenje da to urade. Ako ga ne dobiju,
ništa neće moći da urade do novembra 2017.
Gasovod TAP dug 878 kilometara ići će od tursko-grčke
granice preko Turske, Grčke, Albanije i Jadranskog mora do male italijanske
plaže San Foka (Foca). Taj gasovod će biti završetak tzv. Južnog gasnog
koridora kojim će ići 10 milijardi kubnih metara gasa godišnje, a kasnije i 20
milijardi, od azrbejdžanskog polja Šah Deniz II do evropskog tržišta.
Za Brisel taj gasovod znači odmicanje od Rusije, vodećeg
snabdevača EU energentima. Italija, koja uvozi oko 90% energenata, nada se pak
da će joj TAP omogućiti da postane gasno čvorište južne Evrope.
Zamak od peska
U Melendunju su mišljenja podeljena - neki veruju da će
investicija udahnuti novi život u region a drugi strahuju da će naneti štetu
turizmu Pulje.
"Grad je podeljen ali većina ne želi gasovod",
kaže PENZIONER Pantaleo (72), preneo je EurActiv.com.
Jedna od bojazni na lokalu je i ona oko popularne plaže
San Foka u oblasti Salento, poznate po kristalno plavoj vodi. TAP planira da
zakopa cevi 10 metara ispod plaže.
"Da li biste pustili vašu malu devojčicu da pravi
zamak od peska iznad gasovoda sa pritiskom od 145 bara?", pita se
gradonačelnik Poti.
Oni koji realizuju projekat kažu da su gasovodi već
napravljeni ispod osam najboljih italijanskih plaža bez ikakvog uticaja na
turizam. "Šapnski Enagas nedavno je izgradio gasovod ispod čuvene plaže na
Ibici i to uopšte nije delovalo na turizam", istakao je Elija.
Projektom je predviđen podzemni betonski tunel koji će
ići 700 metara u kopno i 800 metara na more, gde će se priključiti na podvodne
cevi ispod Jadrana. Kompanija Saipem pristala je da postavlja cevi u tunel
tokom zime, kada nema mnogo turista.
S druge strane, kompanija Snam će graditi gasovod od 55
kilometara da poveže TAP na nacionalnu mrežu.
Guverner Pulje želi da gasovod ide severnije, kod
Brindizija gde bi, kako kaže Emilijano, mogao direktno da se poveže na
postojeću gasnu mrežu kompanije Snam.
"Ni vlada ni TAP nam nisu objasnili zašto (gas) mora
da stiže toliko na jugu", kaže Emilijano.
Predstavnik TAP Elija odgovara da su studije pokazale da
bi opcija Brindizi bila neizvodljiva.
TAP je dobio dozvolu italijanske vlade za gasovod u maju
2015. Međutim, Rencijeva vlada je na dozvolu zakačila 66 zahteva od kojih neki
mogu da se ispune samo u saradnji sa lokalnim vlastima.
Brisel je kao podsticaj za ubrzavanje radova ponudio
izuzeće za TAP iz antimonopolskih propisa ako radovi počnu najkasnije do
sredine maja 2016. i završe se za četiri godine.
TAP kaže da je zvanično počeo radove 16. maja i to
tražeći neeksplodirane bombe iz rata i proverom arheoloških nalazišta.
I Rim je 16. maj utvrdio kao rok za početak radova.
Međutim, guverner Pulje kaže da radovi na izgradnji nisu počeli i traži od
centralne vlade da iz početka počne proces izdavanja dozvole.
Izvor: EurActiv.rs
Foto: Freeimages.com
logo Association
Posted:
21.11.2016.
On behalf of the European energy security, private guards
in navy blue uniforms, views hidden behind the pilot glasses, walking through
the olive grove in southern Italy. They are there because they are on the
road 45 billion-dollar gas pipeline, to which Europe should arrive gas from
Central Asia and thus help the EU to reduce its dependence on Russian energy,
found 231 olive tree. Local authorities want to shift the pipeline routes,
given that the olive trees and ancient trees more than 400 years, however,
those who develop the project say they have the permission of Rome provided
that transplanted olive trees while setting up and buried pipes.
Fearing protests, the consortium for the pipeline,
including Britain's BP, Azeri state energy company Socar and Italian gas
company Snap, has hired 24-hour security.
Work on the Italian side of the Trans-Adriatic Pipeline
(TAP) can not take place without the consent of the local level, which could be
delayed pipeline project, which would be in four years that arrives amount of
gas equivalent to 10% of EU imports of Russian energy.
Maslinjak, whose oldest tree is recognized by UNESCO as a
World Heritage Site, is more than a weak link in Europe's energy security. He
points to the issue that is at the center of the debate about the greatest
constitutional reform for ten years in Italy - about the power of local
authorities to thwart the decisions of Rome. Italian Prime Minister Matteo
Renzi suggested that this power outlets is reduced, which will be decided in a
referendum on 4 December.
"None of the region is not happy about these reforms
because they fear that they will be stronger in dealing with the central
government and will suffer because of things they do not understand, such as
the TAP pipeline," says Michele Emiliano (Michele Emiliano), governor of
the region of Puglia, the largest manufacturer olive oil in Italy and a popular
tourist destination.
Italian Minister for Economic Development has previously
accused the government of Puglia to use the meadow near the town Melendunja and
hundreds of other trees along the route of the gas pipeline as an excuse to
block the project.
"If passed,
the referendum will provide a much better division of power, especially in the
energy sector," he wrote in response to a reporter's question, Minister of
Economic Development Carlo Calenda (Carlo Calenda).
Consortium for the TAP, which includes Belgian Fluksis
(Fluxys), Spanish and Swiss Axpo ENAGAS (Axpo), said that he asked Rome to
cooperate with Pulja to complete the removal of trees and he was confident that
the problem will soon be solved.
"Delays in the relocation of the trees will not stop
the project," said the manager of TAP for Italy Michele Mario Elia (Elia).
Weak signs of life
When Reuters reporters at the end of September visited an
olive grove near Melendunja, almost there was no sign of life. In addition to
patrolling guards, there were only archaeologists near the pots preliminary
excavation work before they start work on the pipeline checking that at that
point no buried antiquities.
"There is a danger that some olive trees will not
survive," said Mayor Marko Melendunja Poti (Marco) explaining that
transplantation could expose them to the bacteria that destroyed tens of
thousands of trees in recent years.
When the 2015 approved project, the Rome said dozens of
conditions, including carefully remove about 10,000 olive trees while the pipes
for the gas pipeline. Later on, the tree was restored and re-planted.
Region Puglia threatened to turn to the Constitutional
Court if the project is implemented without their approval, claiming the way
that Rome never consulted with the region properly. Pula refers to a recent
judgment of the court that the central government should consult with the
regions before approving international projects pipeline.
In Rome, however, argue that they are consulted Pulja
before being given the green light for the TAP.
Olives are the hallmark of Puglia last year, residents of
the region took to the streets when they announced plans for the destruction of
some infected trees. "I suppose the same thing will happen this
time," said the mayor of Poti.
Local authorities say that those who can implement the
project to relocate the tree between 1st November and 20th April, while in the
period of slower growth, however, have not yet received full approval to do so.
If you do not get it, nothing will be able to do by November 2017.
TAP gas pipeline 878 kilometers long will go from the
Turkish-Greek border through Turkey, Greece, Albania and the Adriatic Sea to
the small Italian beach San Foka (Foca). The pipeline will be the completion of
the so-called. Southern Gas Corridor, which will receive 10 billion cubic
meters of gas annually, and later 20 billion from azrbejdžanskog field Shah
Deniz II to Europe's markets.
For Brussels, the pipeline means staying away from
Russia's leading supplier of EU energy. Italy, which imports about 90% of
energy, hopes to turn that she will allow TAP to become a gas hub for southern
Europe.
Sand castle
In Melendunju opinion is divided - some believe that the
investment will breathe new life into the region and others fear that it will
harm the tourism of Puglia.
"The city is divided but the majority does not want
the pipeline," says PENZIONER Pantaleo (72), reports EurActiv.com.
One of the fears at the local level and it is around the
popular beaches of San Foka in the area of Salento, famous for its crystal
blue water.
TAP plans to bury the pipe 10 feet below the beach.
"Would you let your little girl to make a sand castle above the pipeline
with a pressure of 145 bar?" Asked the mayor of Poti.
Those who realize the project say that the pipelines have
already been made under the eight best Italian beach without any impact on
tourism. "Šapnski ENAGAS recently built a gas pipeline beneath the famous
beach in Ibiza and it did not work on tourism," said Elijah.
The project is planned underground concrete tunnel that
will go 700 meters inland and 800 meters of the sea, where it will be connected
to an underwater pipe below the Adriatic. The company Saipem has agreed to
appoint pipes into the tunnel during the winter when there are not many
tourists.
On the other hand, the company Snam will build a pipeline
of 55 kilometers TAP to connect to the national grid.
The governor of Puglia wants pipeline going north, near
Brindisi, where would she says Emiliano, could directly be connected to the
existing gas network company Snam.
"Neither the government nor the TAP have not been
told why (gas) must arrive so in the south," says Emiliano. TAP
Representative Elijah replies that studies have shown to Brindisi option was
unfeasible.
TAP was given permission by the Italian Government for
the pipeline in May 2015. However, the government Renzi is 66 snagged the
license requirement, some of which can be met only through cooperation with
local authorities.
Brussels as an incentive to accelerate the works offered
for TAP exemption from antitrust rules if the works commence by the middle of
May 2016 and be completed in four years.
TAP says that officially started work on 16 May, and
seeking to unexploded bombs from the war and verification of archaeological
sites.
Rome I shall be 16 May established a deadline for the
commencement of works. However, the governor of Puglia says that work on the
construction not started and asks the central government that starts from the
beginning of the licensing process.
Source: EurActiv.rs
Photo: Freeimages.com
Translated by
Nebojša
Vladisavljević
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