Objavljeno : 17.11.2016.
Mogućnosti građana Evropske unije za socijalnu
participaciju unapređene su prvi put od 2008. zahvaljujući oporavku na tržištu
rada, međutim, od toga nisu svi imali koristi i u mnogim zemljama opasnost od
siromaštva i dalje je velika, posebno na jugu Evrope, upozorili su iz
Bertelsman fondacije. Mladi su mnogo više od starijih izloženi riziku od
siromaštva a posebno zabrinjavajuć je i trend povećanja broja građana EU koji,
iako rade sa punim radnim vremenom, ne mogu da žive od svojih plata.
Evropa se postepeno oporavlja od ekonomske i finansijske
krize zahvaljujući trendu rasta na tržištu rada i danas je zaposleno znatno
više ljudi nego na vrhuncu krize 2013, ocenili su u autorskom tekstu za
EurActiv.com Danijel Šrad-Tišler (Daniel Schraad-Tischler) i Kristof Šiler
(Christof Schiller) iz fondacije Bertelsman (Bertelsmann).
Međutim, udeo radnika sa punim radnim vremenom koji ne
mogu da žive od svog rada blago je povećan. Pored toga, deca i mladi posebno
imali su jako malo koristi od ekonomskog oporavka. Udeo mladih kojima prete
siromaštvo ili socijalna iskljucenost naročito je visok u zemljama pogođenim
krizom na jugu Evrope, zaključili su Šrad-Tšler i Šiler, autori Indeksa
socijalne pravde za 2016. fondacije Bertelsman.
Godišnji Indeks socijalne pravde se od 2008. koristi za
merenje mogućnosti za socijalnu participaciju ljudi iz 28 članica EU.
Smanjenje mogućnosti za socijalnu participaciju širom EU
iz poslednjih godina na trenutak je posustalo, ocenili su analitičari
Bertelsman fondacije dodajući da je to rezultat pozitivnog razvoja na tržištu
rada.
Kako se navodi, u 2015. je bilo zaposleno 65,6% građana EU
prema 64,8% godinu dana ranije. Istovremeno je stopa nezaposlenosti smanjena sa
10,4% u 2014. na 9,6% u 2015.
Ipak, stopa nezaposlenosti daleko je od one pre krize od
7,1% u 2008. Isti je slučaj i sa nezaposlenošću mladih i u 2015. ih je širom EU
bez posla bilo 4,6 miliona odnosno stopa nezaposlenosti bila je 20,4% prema
22,2% u 2014. i samo 15,6% u 2008, kada je nezaposlenih mladih bilo 4,2
miliona.
Jačanje tržišta rada nije pratilo značajnije smanjenje
rizika od siromaštva, čak naprotiv, i gotovo svakom četvrtom građaninu EU (118
miliona) preti opasnost od siromaštva ili socijalne isključenosti. U 2014. je
njihov broj bio samo neznatno viši.
Stope rizika od siromaštva i socijalne isključenosti
posebno su visoke u južnoj i jugoistočnoj Evropi - u Grčkoj ta opasnost preti
trećini populacije, u Rumuniji 37% a u Bugarskoj 41%. Istovremeno je stopa
rizika od siromaštva najmanja u Češkoj (14%), Švedskoj (16%), Finskoj i
Holandiji (17%).
Autori izveštaja upozoravaju na upadljiv dalji rast udela
ljudi koji rade sa punim radnim vremenom a svejedno im preti siromaštvo. U
2015. je takvih u EU bilo 7,8% prema 7,2% u 2013.
Takva situacija posledica je rasta sektora sa malim
platama, kao i podele tržišta rada na regularne i atipične forme zaposlenosti.
Kako navode autori izveštaja, rast broja onih koji rade a siromašni su je
alarmantan jer su ti ljudi isključeni iz pune socijalne participacije.
"Rad sa punim radnim vremenom mora da obezbedi ne
samo nečiji prihod nego i nečiji život. Kada sve veći broj ljudi ne može da
živi od svog rada na duži period, to potkopava ligitimitet našeg ekonomskog i
socijalnog poretka", rekao je predsednik Bertelsman fondacije Art De Ges
(Aart De Geus).
U svim članicama EU su mogućnosti za socijalnu
participaciju dece i mladih još značajno manje nego pre krize. Na nivou
Evropske unije je 25,2 miliona (26,9%) dece i mladih do 18 godina izloženo
riziku od siromaštva ili socijalne isključenosti.
U krizom pogođenim zemljama - Grčkoj, Italiji, Španiji i
Portugaliji, stope su još više i u proseku svakom trećem dedetu preti
siromaštvo. To znači da je u te četiri zemlje milion dece i mladih više pod
rizikom od siromaštva ili socijalne isključenosti nego 2008.
Posebno je dramatična situacija u Grčkoj, gde je ponovo
povećan udeo dece i mladih koji pate od ozbiljne materijalne oskudice, na 25,7%
sa 10,4% u 2008.
Za članice sa juga EU veliki problem predstavlja i veliki
udeo tzv. grupe NEET - mladih koji se ne obrazuju, ne zapošsljavaju i ne idu na
obuke. Takvi mladi gotovo da nemaju šanse za socijalno napredovanje i u Italiji
je gotovo trećina mladih u toj grupi a u Grčkoj i Španiji po 17,3%, što je
znatno iznad proseka EU.
Indeks socijalne pravde ukazao je i na rastući jaz između
mladih i starih. Na nivou EU siromaštvo ili socijalna isključenost mnogo više
pogađa decu nego stare (26,9% prema 17,4%). I dok gotovo svako deseto dete pati
od teške materijalne oskudice, među starijima od 65 je 5,5% takvih. Takođe je
udeo starih kojima preti opasnost od siromaštva ili socijalne isključenosti pao
sa 24,4% u 2007 na 17,4% u 2015.
Prema Artu De Gesu, situacija sa mladima koji su
ostavljeni po strani može da predstavlja opasnost po budućnost društva:
"Slabe perspektive za mnoge mlade ljude idu na ruku jačanju populističkih
pokreta. Ne smemo da rizikujemo povlačenje razočaranih i frustriranih mladih iz
društva".
Izvor: EurActiv.rs
Foto: Beta
logo Association
Posted: 11.17.2016.
Opportunities for citizens of the European Union for
social participation improved for the first time since 2008 thanks to the
recovery in the labor market, however, not all of which have benefited in many
countries the risk of poverty is still high, especially in southern Europe,
have warned of the Bertelsmann Foundation. Young people are much more than
the elderly at risk of poverty is a particularly troubling trend of increasing
the number of EU citizens who, while working full time, I can not live from
their salaries.
Europe is gradually recovering from the economic and
financial crisis, thanks to the growth trend in the labor market and today
employs far more people than the height of the crisis of 2013, were estimated
in an article EurActiv.com for Danijel Wednesday-Tišler (Daniel
Schraad-Tischler) and Kristof Šiler (Christof Schiller) from the Bertelsmann
Foundation (Bertelsmann).
However, the share of workers with full-time who can not
live from their work is slightly increased. In addition, children and young
people in particular had very little benefit from the economic recovery. The
share of young people threatened by poverty or social exclusion is particularly
high in countries affected by the crisis in the south of Europe, concluded
Wednesday-Tšler and Schiller, the authors of the Index of Social Justice for
the 2016 Bertelsmann Foundation.
The annual index of social justice from 2008 used to
measure the opportunities for social participation of people from the 28 EU
member states.
Reducing opportunities for social participation across
the EU in recent years has faltered for a moment, analysts estimated the
Bertelsmann Foundation, adding that this is the result of positive developments
in the labor market.
As reported, in 2015 there were employed 65.6% of EU
citizens by 64.8% a year earlier. At the same time, the unemployment rate
decreased from 10.4% in 2014 to 9.6% in 2015.
However, the unemployment rate is far more than before
the crisis, from 7.1% in 2008.
The same is true of the youth unemployment in the 2015's
across the EU without work was 4.6 million and the unemployment rate was 20.4%
versus 22.2% in 2014 and only 15.6% in 2008, when the young unemployed was 4.2
million.
Strengthening labor market was not accompanied by a
significant reduction in the risk of poverty, on the contrary, almost every
fourth citizen of the EU (118 million) at risk of poverty or social exclusion.
In 2014 their number was only slightly higher.
Rates at risk of
poverty and social exclusion are particularly high in southern and southeastern
Europe - in Greece this danger threatens one third of the population, 37% in
Romania and in Bulgaria 41%. At the same time the rate of poverty risk lowest
in the Czech Republic (14%), Sweden (16%), Finland and the Netherlands (17%).
The authors of the report warn of further rise in the share of striking people
who work full time and still threatened with poverty.
In 2015, of those in the EU was 7.8% against 7.2% in
2013.
This situation is the result of growth in sectors with
low salaries, as well as the division of the labor market on a regular and
atypical forms of employment. As the authors of the report, growth in the
number of those working poor are alarming because these people are excluded
from full social participation.
"Working full time has to provide not only income
but also someone's life. When more and more people can not live from their work
for a longer period, it undermines the legitimacy of our economic and social
order," the president said Bertelsmann Foundation Art de Ges (Aart de
Geus).
In all Member States the opportunities for social
participation of children and young people still significantly lower than
before the crisis. At the level of the European Union, 25.2 million (26.9%)
children and young people up to age 18 are at risk of poverty or social
exclusion.
In crisis-hit countries - Greece, Italy, Spain and
Portugal, the rates are even more and on average every third Dedet risk of
poverty. This means that in these four countries, millions of children and
young people more at risk of poverty or social exclusion than of 2008.
Particularly dramatic situation in Greece, where he again
increased the share of children and young people suffering from severe material
deprivation, to 25.7% from 10.4% in 2008.
For the EU member states from the South big problem is
the large share of the so-called. Group NEET - young people who are not
educated, not zapošsljavaju i do not go to training. These young people have
almost no chances for social advancement in Italy is almost a third of young
people in the group and in Greece and Spain by 17.3%, which is significantly
above the EU average.
The index of social justice emphasized the growing gap
between young and old. At EU level, poverty or social exclusion affecting
children more than older ones (26.9% vs. 17.4%). And while almost every tenth
child suffers from severe material deprivation, among those older than 65 was
5.5% of them. Also the share of elderly at risk of poverty or social exclusion
fell from 24.4% in 2007 to 17.4% in 2015.
According to Art De Gesu, the situation of young people
who were left by the side can represent a danger to the future of society
" weak prospects for many young people favor the strengthening of the
populist movement. We can not risk withdrawal of disappointed and frustrated
young people from society. "
Source:
EurActiv.rs
Photo: Beta
Translated by
Nebojša
Vladisavljević
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